1. Multi cellular Plants Section 18-3, (25-2)
Needed: Xerox 18-3 as Homework assignment; Textbook page 582 Gymnosperm Reproduction;

2. What is a Plant? Multi cellular Photosynthetic Eukaryotic
Cell walls with cellulose
Alternation of generation
n to 2n
Haploid to diploid

3. Alternation of Generation

4. Cell Wall Examples Plants - polysaccharide is cellulose
Fungi – polysaccharide is chitin
Bacteria – polysaccharide is peptidoglycan
(Eubacteria – True bacteria)

5. All Plants Bryophytes Tracheophytes (Mosses) Vascular tissue Xylem
Phloem
Gymnosperms
Ferns
Angiosperms
Use this slide to move to all the other slides in this presentation.
Spores
(Conifers)
(Flowering Plants)
Enclosed Seeds
Naked Seeds
Monocots
Dicots

6. Structures to allow for life on land?
Internal transport system
products of photosynthesis need to move throughout plant.
Anchoring system
water, nutrients need to come from soil
Reproduction
modification include pollen and seeds

7. Two groups
Bryophytes
Tracheophytes

8. Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, horn worts Small - no vascular tissue
standing water needed for reproduction
Text picture p. 427
LT side three chapter 13
Life cycle

10. Tracheophytes Ferns, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms Vascular tissue xylem
phloem
Fern life cycle LT Side three chapter 14

11. Ferns (not on exam)
Spores
Alternation of generation
Life cycle

12. LT Side three chapter 14

13. Gymnosperms Conifers, Cycads, Ginkgoes Naked seeds
Male cones produce pollen
Female cones (seed cones) contain eggs
Use alternation of generations

14. Seed Cone and Pollen cone

15. Reproduction in Gymnosperms page 583 - notes
Alternation of generation: when the gametophyte develops inside the sporophyte
It takes a year for seed to be produced.
Female seeds released after one entire winter.

16. Visualizing the Life Cycle of a Gymnosperm
1. What are the reproductive structures of gymnosperms?
2. What is the primary mechanism of pollen dispersal for most gymnosperms?
3. Is a pine tree diploid or haploid?
4. Why do the scales of a pine cone open as it matures?
5. Why are the male cones found on the bottom of a pine tree and the female cones found on the top?

17. 1. Cones/scales the reproductive structures of gymnosperms?
…... Gymnosperm….Answers
1. Cones/scales the reproductive structures of gymnosperms?
2. Wind the primary mechanism of pollen dispersal for most gymnosperms?
3. A pine tree is diploid.
4. The scales of a pine cone open to release the seeds.
5. This fosters more pollination between different individual trees.

18. 14 angiosperms* 15 16 17 18 True 19 20 Section Review 25-2 1 2 3 4 5 610 11 12 13
14 angiosperms* 15 16 17
18 True 19 20

19. Seed
Plant embryo
Food supply
Protective coating

20. Angiosperms
Extremely successful
flowers
seeds
What is a seed?

21. The Flower Reproductive organ in angiosperms
Flowers are formed from four types of specialized leaves: sepals, petals, stamens, carpels

22. Sepals
Leaflike
Photosynthetic
Enclose, protect developing flower bud

23. Petals
Brightly colored
Attract pollinators

24. Stamens
Male leaves
Produce pollen
Filament
Anther

25. Carpels Female leaves One or many carpels Carpel contains ovary
Ovary contains ovules
Parts: stigma, style, ovary

26. Monocots One cotyledon Flower parts in threes, sixes
Leaves have parallel veins
Vascular bundles scattered in stem

27. Specialized tissues in a Monocot (corn)

28. Dicots Two cotyledons Flower parts in fours, fives
Veins in leaves branched
Vascular bundles in a ring

29. Specialized tissues in a woody dicot
Where is the xylem?
Where is the phloem?

30. Trends to watch Invasion of land - structures
Alternation of generation - the changes

31. Adapting to land Roots Leaves Vascular tissue Anchor plant
Absorb water
Leaves
capture sunlight
waxy cuticle
stomata
Vascular tissue
xylem (water-up)
phloem (food-down/up)
Adapting to land

32. 18 sexually, generation 19 wetter 20 moist 1 d 2 c 21 leaf 11 d 3 i
Xerox 18-3
18 sexually, generation
19 wetter
20 moist
21 leaf
22 stem
23 water, minerals
24 stomates
25 diploid
26 the pollen grain
27 adaptations
1 d
2 c
3 i
4 a
5 k
6 h
7 f
8 n
9 o
10 m
11 d
12 b
13 l
14 g
15 e
16 j
17 b

33. 28
Certain types of plants need different climate conditions. The relative abundance of fossilized plants indicates the type of climate that existed.