1. Important Plant Notes

2. Review….. Fungi- NOT Plants……Why?
Heterotrophic- no chlorophyll
Eukaryotic – multicellular
Made up of slender filaments called hyphae
Have cell walls made of chitin (Plant cell walls are made up of cellulose)
Decomposers: Secrete enzymes and digest food outside their body, then absorb nutrients
Molds, yeasts, mildews, mushrooms

3. Review… Lichen
Mutualisitic association between a fungi and either a green algae or a cyanobacteria
The Fungus absorbs water/nutrients from the environment, and the algae uses this for photosynthesis.
The fungus absorbs the organic molecules made from photosynthesis for its’ food.
Used to test air quality:
Algae is very susceptible to Air/water pollution

4. Reproduction Plants have Alternation of Generations
Gametophyte: The haploid form of the plant that produces the gametes. Haploid = half the number of chromosomes- Male, female
In a moss….this is the ‘carpet’ you see
Sporophyte: When 2 gametes fuse they form the sporophyte (the diploid form of the plant)

5. PLANTS NONVASCULAR VASCULAR, seedless
Ex: mosses, liverworts
Waxy cuticle covering to survive drought
Transport materials (food) by osmosis and diffusion so need a large water supply, need to be small
Reproduce with spores
Dominant Gametophyte generation (Haploid)
(the ‘carpet’ that you see)
Ex: ferns, horsetails
Waxy cuticle covering to survive drought
Vascular: larger, more complex. Can carry nutrients from the soil, sun throughout the plant
Reproduce with spores
Dominant Sporophyte generation (Diploid)
(leaves that you see)
BOTH STILL NEED TO LIVE IN A MOIST ENVIRONMENT FOR REPRODUCTION

6. PLANTS: Vascular, with Seeds GYMNOSPERMS vs ANGIOSPERMS
Gymnosperms (gymno = naked; sperma = seed), seeds develop on the surface of the reproductive structures (thus also called the “naked-seed plants”) such as the cones in pine Angiosperms (angio = vessel, receptacle, container), seeds develop within a specialized structure, called an ovary, on the adult sporophyte (also called the “flowering plants”).

7. VASCULAR SYSTEMS XYLEM PHLOEM
System of tubes and transport cells that circulate water and dissolved minerals
Rings in a cut down tree trunk are the remains of old xylem tissue- one ring for each year of life
System of tubes that transports sugars and other molecules created by the plant from photosynthesis
Always alive- xylem dies after one year and then develops new (the rings of a tree trunk.
The dripping sap from a tree usually comes from phloem

8. THE
VASCULAR
SYSTEM
XYLEM
Goes up From the roots
PHLOEM
Goes Down (Or Up)

9. Plants: Vascular: with NAKED Seeds!! GYMNOSPERMS
MEGASPORES MICROSPORES
FEMALE MALE
POLLEN
Seeds develop on the surface of the reproductive structures
Sporophyte is the dominant generation
Which is the Megaspore? Microspore?
Which is the Male pinecone? Female? POLLEN?

10. PLANTS WITH SEEDS: ANGIOSPERMS Flower Basics
1. Label the parts of the flower.
Petals
Pistil
Stigma
Style
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Ovule
Ovary
Sepal
Image:

11. _________________ - The female part of a flower
2. Identify each part of the flower described below using the words in the word list.
_________________ - The female part of a flower
_________________ - A small plant that is just starting to grow
_________________ - The place where pollen develops and is stored
_________________ - The female sex cell in a plant
_________________ - Occurs when the sperm and egg cells unite
_________________ - A sugary substance that attracts insects
_________________ - The male sex cell in a plant
_________________ - The male part of a flower
_________________ - The stalk that supports the anther
_________________ - The part of the pistil that receives the pollen
_________________ - Part that connects the stigma and ovary
_________________ - Protective leaf-like enclosure for the flower bud
_________________ - The ripened ovary of a plant that contains seeds
_________________ - Flower that contains both male and female parts
_________________ - Flower that lacks either male or female parts
_________________ - The structures that make up the outside of the flower and maybe
colored or contain nectar or perfume glands
PISTIL
SEEDLING
ANTHER
OVARY
FERTILIZATION
NECTAR
POLLEN
STAMEN
FILAMENT
STIGMA
STYLE
SEPAL
FRUIT
PERFECT
IMPERFECT
PETALS
Word List:
Anther
Fertilization
Filament
Fruit
Imperfect
Nectar
Ovary
Perfect
Petals
Pistil
Pollen
Seedling
Sepals
Stamen
Stigma
Style

12. Ants Bats Bees Moths Birds Butterflies Flies Beetles True Bugs Wasps
3. What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination?
SELF-POLLINATION: POLLEN FROM A FLOWER LANDS ON THE PISTIL OF THE SAME FLOWER OR A FLOWER ON THE SAME PLANT.
CROSS-POLLINATION: POLLEN FROM A FLOWER LANDS ON THE PISTIL OF THE A FLOWER ON A DIFFERENT PLANT.
Ants
Bats
Bees
Moths
Birds
Butterflies Flies
Beetles
True Bugs
Wasps
Pollinators
Did you know? Honey bees are the most common pollinators. What insect comes in second place?

13. Cotyledon
The stored food for the seed as it develops; the first embryonic leaves of a seed plant-
The Number of Cotyledons places the plant in a different CLASS in the Classification System:
Monocot: If it has one cotyledon
Dicot: If it has two cotyledons