Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 1

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 2 Wellness  Optimal wellness: reflects balance with an individual's ○ Physical health ○ Mental health ○ Social health  Wellness determined by lifestyle choices

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3 Fitness  Fitness may be evaluated by: Muscle strength Muscle strength Muscle endurance Muscle endurance Cardiorespiratory endurance Cardiorespiratory endurance Body composition Body composition Flexibility Flexibility

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 4 Wellness Wellness  Laboratory blood tests that may indicate levels of wellness Cholesterol level Glucose level

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 5 Optimal State of Wellness  Optimal wellness emphasizes Self-care Personal responsibility Prevention of illness Management of health through lifestyle choices

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 6 Heart Health Prevention Categories

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 7 Metabolism  Metabolism: combined physical & chemical processes that produce energy.  Energy used by the body for growth and activity comes from the food that is eaten.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 8 Anabolism  Anabolism is the process of building tissues from small compounds.  The process requires energy to occur.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 9 Catabolism  Catabolism is the process of breaking down tissue into materials that may be reused or excreted.  The process releases energy that may be used for other activities in the cell.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 10 Nutrition  Nutrition: study of food and how it’s used by the body.  Nutrients: chemical materials in food that are vital for body functions.  Good nutrition is important in maintaining the best health possible.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 11 Nutrients  Five nutrients are essential for good health:  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Fats  Vitamins  Minerals

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 12 Food Labels FIGURE 8-2 Food labels provide nutritional information that reflects the content of the food.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 13 Recommended Dietary Allowance  Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) indicates the amount of nutrients that should be consumed to meet the nutritional needs of most healthy people.  Use to be known as Recommended Daily Intake

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14 Carbohydrates  main source of quick energy used by the body.  Two main forms of carbohydrates Sugar Starch  Carbohydrates are necessary to use fat.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 15 Proteins  contain amino acids needed to build muscle, bone, blood, and antibodies.  found in food from animal sources eggs, milk, meat, fish, poultry, dried beans, peas, and cheese.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 16 Fats  provides the most concentrated form of energy.  found in: marbling (white part) of meat, cooking oils, salad dressings, some milk products such as butter.  needed to repair cells and make hormones.  supply essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 17 Fats  Classification of fats Saturated ○ Found in animal products Unsaturated ○ Found primarily in vegetables ○ Contain less cholesterol (a waxy compound) than saturated fats

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 18 Vitamins  organic compounds that regulate cellular metabolism.  has a specific function  Classification of vitamins Dissolvable in water Dissolvable in fat

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 19 Minerals  simple compounds that regulate body processes.  Nineteen minerals are used by the body. Seventeen are considered essential.  found in many food sources.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 20 MyPyramid  Provides opportunity to personalize plan  Food groups Milk Meat and beans Vegetables Fruits Grains

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 21 MyPyramid Sample Plans MyPyramid Sample Plans

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 22 Calories  measurement of the amount of energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1° C.  The amount of calories needed daily depends on Sex Age Size General condition Daily activity

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 23 Calories  A balanced diet should include 15% of calories from protein sources 30% from fat sources 55% provided by carbohydrates

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 24 Diet Therapy  Special diets are used to treat specific health conditions.  Needs of special populations must be considered.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 25 Identifying Stress Common signs and symptoms of stress Increased heart rate Feeling of anxiety Trembling Indigestion Pain in the neck or back

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 26 Stress Management Techniques

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 27 Personality Types

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 28Exercise  A regular program reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and improves emotional outlook.  Physical benefits of exercise Increased bone density Decreased blood levels of cholesterol Improved ability to use glucose Improved cardiac performance

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 29Exercise  Mental benefits of exercise Improvement in self-image Reduction of ○ Depression ○ Stress ○ Anxiety

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 30 Physical Growth and Development  Growth: Height and weight Body proportions  Development: describes the stages of change in psychological and social functioning.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 31 Death and Dying  Biologic death: loss of cellular function resulting in the absence of breathing and heartbeat.  Clinical death defined legally as loss of brain activity for a specified amount of time.  Thanatology study of death.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 32 Five Stages of Dying  Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross identified five stages of grief: Denial: Person refuses to believe death will occur or has occurred. Anger: Person blames others or fate for death or prognosis. Bargaining: Person may use to reconcile differences with a spiritual figure. Depression: Person realizes the finality of loss. Acceptance: comes to terms

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 33 Death and Dying  Physical signs indicating death is approaching Loss of muscle control Slowing of gastrointestinal functions Rise in body temperature Respiratory irregularities Decrease in pain  Signs that death has occurred Absence of pulse Absence of blood pressure