1. Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins
Nutrition Unit

2. Objectives
Name the three classes of nutrients that supply your body with energy.
Explain how the body obtains energy from foods.
Describe the roles that carbohydrates, fats, and proteins play in your body.

3. Warm-Up Decide if each statement is... If you believe… Always true?
Sometimes true?
Always false?
If you believe…
Always true- go to bookshelf
Sometimes true- go to TV
Always false- go to closet

4. Warm-Up Foods that are high in calories are unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in them.
You should avoid fats in your diet.
Vegetarian diets are low in protein.
Snacking is bad for you.

5. Warm-Up Conclusions
All are sometimes true!

6. Foods Supply Nutrients
Why does your body
need food?

7. Foods Supply Nutrients
Food supplies your body with nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy
body requires more than 40 different nutrients

8. Foods Supply Nutrients
6 classes of nutrients:
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
carbs, fats, and proteins can all be used by the body as sources of energy

9. Foods Supply Energy The foods you eat are your body’s energy source
When your body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells, as a result, energy is released
Metabolism- chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy
also involves use of this energy for growth and repair of body tissues

10. Foods Supply Energy
The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in units called calories
the more calories a food has, the more energy it contains
For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the calorie needs of your body
also consider whether or not the foods you choose contain all nutrients your body needs

11. Which SHOULD you eat? 180 calories A 750 calories B 750 calories

12. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates- supply energy for your body’s functions
simple carbohydrates
complex carbohydrates

13. Carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates- sugars, which occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk
added to manufactured foods such as: cookies, candies, and soft drinks
glucose- most important sugar because it’s the major provider of energy for your body’s cells
all other types of sugar are converted to glucose once inside the body

14. Carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates- made up of sugars linked together chemically to form long chains, something like beads in a necklace
Starches are main type found in plant foods
Potatoes and grains
When you eat foods containing starch, your digestive system breaks the starch into simple sugars that can be absorbed into your bloodstream

15. Carbohydrates
Fiber- type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plant foods
Not really a nutrient because it can’t be broken down and then absorbed into your bloodstream
Fiber passes out of your body without being digested
High fiber diet:
Helps prevent constipation
May reduce risk of colon cancer
May help prevent heart disease
Whole grain breads and cereals, vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, and seeds

16. Carbohydrates
You usually eat more carbs than your body can immediately use
Extra glucose is converted into a type of starch called glycogen, which is stored in the body
When your body needs more glucose, the glycogen is converted back to glucose
If you eat so many carbs that the glycogen stores are full, then it’s stored as fat

17. Carbohydrates
45-65% of a person’s daily calorie intake should come from carbohydrates
Better to eat foods rich in complex carbs rather than simple
Simple carbs give quick bursts of energy, complex carbs provide better long-term, sustained energy
Choose whole grains- more fiber and nutrients

18. Magazine Search!
With your assigned group, you will have 3 minutes to find as many pictures of simple and complex carbohydrates as you can
Separate the pictures into the correct categories
At the end of the activity I will check and total

19. Fats
Fats- supply body with energy, forms your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves
Twice the calories as carbohydrates

20. Fats Unsaturated fats- usually liquid at room temperature
Found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds
Classified as either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated
A balance between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats in the diet is important for cardiovascular health
Good fat- can help fight heart disease

21. Fats Saturated fats- usually solid at room temperature
Found in animal fats
Too much saturated fat can lead to heart disease

22. Fats 20-35% of your calories should come from fat
Cholesterol- waxy, fatlike substance found only in animal products
Your body needs certain amounts to make cell membranes and nerve tissue, certain hormones, and substances that aid in the digestion of fat
Your liver can make all the cholesterol your body needs=not a necessary part of the diet
You can reduce risk of heart disease by reducing the amount of meat and dairy fat in your diet

23. Fats
Trans fats- foods that stay fresh longer than foods containing saturated fats
Found in margarine, chips, commercially baked goods

24. Magazine Search!
With your assigned group, you will have 3 minutes to find as many pictures of unsaturated, saturated, and trans fats as you can
Separate the pictures into the correct categories
At the end of the activity I will check and total

25. Proteins Protein- growth and repair of your body’s tissues
High protein foods- meat, eggs, poultry, milk, and milk products
Nuts, dried beans, dried peas, and lentils

26. Proteins
Amino acids- small units that bound together chemically to form proteins
When you eat protein, your digestive system breaks it down into individual amino acids
Then absorbed into your bloodstream and reassembled by cells to form the kinds of proteins you need
The proteins in your body are made up of 20 different amino acids
Your diet has to supply 9 (essential amino acids) of these, your body does the rest

27. Proteins Complete protein- contains all 9 essential amino acids
Animal sources
Incomplete protein- lacks 1 or more essential amino acids
Protein from plant sources
10-35% of calories should come from protein

28. Proteins
People who don’t eat meat can combine 2 or more plant protein sources that, taken together, provide all the essential amino acids

29. Magazine Search!
With your assigned group, you will have 3 minutes to find as many pictures of protein as you can
At the end of the activity I will check and total

30. Review Which 3 classes of nutrients supply the body with energy?
carbs
fats
proteins
What is metabolism?
Chemical process by which the body breaks down food to release energy

31. Review How is metabolism related to the nutrients in food?
The nutrients in food are metabolized to release energy.
What is the main role of carbohydrates for the body?
supply energy for body functions

32. Review What are the roles of fats in the body?
supply energy
form cells
maintain body temperature
protect nerves
What are the roles of protein in the body?
aid in growth and repair of tissues

33. Review What is cholesterol?
Waxy, fatlike substance found only in animal products
How does diet affect cholesterol levels in the blood?
Eating foods that are high in fat and cholesterol can increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood