Outbreak of the Civil War Chapter 18, Section 2

The War Begins in South Carolina April 12, 1861: South Carolina troops fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston A.The South Carolina soldiers bombarded the fort forcing the surrender of Union soldiers. B.This opened the Civil War between the North and the South. C.President Lincoln called for 75,000 troops to end what he considered a rebellion by the southern states. D.By the end of 1861, 25,000 Texans joined the Confederate army.

FORT SUMTER

After Fort Sumter, the Union began to make plans to conquer the Confederate states. They planned to: A.Invade Virginia to capture Richmond— the capital of the Confederacy. B.Take control of the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in two. C.Cripple the Southern economy by placing a blockade on Southern ports. This was called the Plan. Anaconda

ANACONDA PLAN

TEXAS SOLDIERS Texans usually joined regiments from their hometown or county. Well-known units: Terry’s TX Rangers Hood’s Texas Brigade Ross’s Texas Brigade Texan Officers in the Confederate Military: Albert Sidney Johnston: 2 nd highest ranking officer in the army Brigadier Generals: Thomas Green and James W. Throckmorton

TEXAS READIES FOR WAR Texas Government moved to seize federal property Texas soldiers needed equipment Feb. 1861: David E. Twiggs, in San Antonio, surrendered all federal property when surrounded by a force led by Ben McCullough Texans capture more than $1 million in military supplies Texans establish new industries Gunpowder mill near Austin Cannon and ammo factory in Tyler Iron foundries in Jefferson and Rusk

TEXAS READIES FOR WAR Prisoners at Huntsville made 3 million yards of cloth Texas businesses made saddles, tents, uniforms, and wagons Texas provided cattle, cotton, and food crops (like corn) to the Confederate war effort.

Advantages of the North A.Population 1.North—22 million 2.South—9 million plus slaves (who could not be expected to fight) B.The North had more miles of railroad (transport supplies) and far more factories (produce more weapons and supplies) C.The North had an established government ready to conduct and raise money for the war Advantages of the South A.Experienced military leaders and the determination of the people B.Many Southerners were experienced in riding horses and using firearms. (2/3 of Texans were in the cavalry) C.South was fighting on its own land; the Union had to invade the Confederacy.

CONFEDERATE PLAN Stay on defensive and wear down the Union’s will to fight Hoped to obtain war supplies from Europe Tried to gain foreign support, particularly from Great Britain, through the use of cotton diplomacy withheld cotton shipments hoping to force Britain to offer to help strategy failed Texans fought in all 3 regions of the war In the East around Washington and Richmond In Tennessee and Mississippi West of the Mississippi

NorthSouth Name of Country President Capital Commanding General Nicknames Population Color of Uniform Slavery Economy Base Number of Soldiers Percentage of Railroad Number of States Flag Result of war

NorthSouth United States of America Name of Country Confederate States of America Abraham Lincoln President Jefferson Davis Washington, D.C. Capital Richmond, Virginia Ulysses S. Grant Commanding General Robert E. Lee Yankee/Union Nicknames Rebels/Confederacy 22 million Population 9 million Blue Color of Uniform Grey Opposed Slavery Supported Industrial (Factories) Economy Base Agricultural (Cotton) About 2 million Number of Soldiers About 1 million 71% Percentage of Railroad 29% 23 state & 8 territories Number of States 11 states Stars & Stripes Flag Stars & Bars Won Result of war Lost Key

Draw the following T-chart on the back of the Outbreak of the Civil War WS. Use the PowerPoint to fill in the chart.