1. The Civil War
Chapter 14

2. A Divided Nation North Slavery Tariff States’ Rights Secession South
Many abolitionists wanted to end slavery
Tariff
Supported a higher tariff
States’ Rights
Believed federal laws applied to all states
Secession
Believed states could not legally leave the Union
South
Slavery
Important part of their economy
Tariff
Supported foreign trade and opposed the tariff
States’ Rights
Believed states should have the right to decide on the issue of slavery themselves
Secession
Believed states had the right to vote to leave Union

3. The Democratic Party States’ Rights to decide about slavery
States’ Rights to leave the Union if citizens vote (secede)
Most supporters were Southerners

4. The Republican Party Stop the western spread of slavery
Economic changes like a higher tariff
Most supporters were Northerners

5. Presidential Election of 1860
Democratic Party (split over slavery)
Stephen A Douglas was selected by the Northern Democrats
John C Breckinridge was selected by the Southern Democrats
Constitutional Union Party
Only goal was to keep the Union together
John Bell
Republican Party
Abraham Lincoln won the election and became the 16th president of the United States

6. Reaction to Lincoln’s Election
Southern States had threatened to secede if a Republican won the election of 1860
After the election South Carolina seceded from the Union
Five other states followed (Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana)
They formed their own country The Confederate States of American or Confederacy

7. Reaction to Lincoln’s Election in Texas
Texans called a convention a voted 166 to 8 secede
Governor Sam Houston wanted to keep Texas from seceding
He refused to take an oath to the Confederacy and he was removed from office
He was replaced with Francis R Lubbock who was the 1st Confederate Governor of Texas
He Died July 26, 1863 in Huntsville
On March 2, 1861 Texas became the 7th state to secede

8. The Confederacy Jefferson Davis
President of the 11 Confederate States of America
Everyone had to make a choice of what side to be on
Major General David E Twiggs commander of all US forces in Texas chose the Confederate side and surrendered his command peacefully in San Antonio

9. The War Begins Fort Sumter, South Carolina (Southern State)
Union troops refused to surrender
On April 12, 1861 Confederate troops fired on the fort
This is the official beginning of the Civil War

10. Texans in the War 60,000 to 70,000 Texans fought for the Confederacy
The most famous units were:
Hood’s Texas Brigade
Terry’s Texas Rangers
Ross’s Brigade
Texas was know as the “storehouse of the Confederacy”
Goods were brought into and out of Texas by sea and through Mexico
Supplies like weapons, food, and horses were then shipped to the rest of the South

11. Texas Battles of the Civil War
No Major Battles of the War took place in Texas
Most fighting centered on keeping the Gulf ports open
This was difficult because of the Union blockade
Battle of Glorieta Pass (1862)
Texans tried to take over New Mexico
Supplies ran low and they were defeated by Union forces
New Mexico remained part of the Union the rest of the war

12. Texas Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Galveston (1863)
Union troops had captured Galveston (important port) to cut off Confederate supplies
Jan 1, 1863, John B Magruder using “cottonclads”, recapture it for the Confederacy
Battle of Sabine Pass (1863)
47 Texans led by Richard Dowling defeated a much larger Union force
Captured 2 gunboats and 350 Union soldiers and prevented invasion of Texas
Received only medals of honor ever awarded by the Confederacy

13. Texas Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Mansfield (1864)
Union tried to invade Texas from the East following the Red River
Large Union invasion force was attacked and defeated at Mansfield, Louisiana
Battle of Palmito Ranch (1865)
Last battle of the Civil War
Confederacy won, but lost the war

14. The Effect of the War on the Texas Home Front
Men went off to fight so more work for those left behind
Women managed farms and plantations, drove cattle, and worked in factories
Slaves were brought to Texas (less fighting here) to keep them from escaping or being captured by Union troops
Blockade reduced the sale of cotton
Many farmers switched to growing food crops to supply the troops +
Blockade cause shortages of basic supplies
Clothing, newspaper, coffee, and sugar
Prices rose dramatically =  

15. The Effect of the War on the Texas Home Front
Tensions rose between supporters of the Confederacy and the Union
Union supporters in North Texas formed a secret society called the Peace Party
Vigilantes hung 40 Peace Party members in Gainesville in 1862
People in Central Texas, mostly German immigrants, supported the Union
60 Germans tried to leave Texas to join the Union army
They were ambushed at the Nueces River, some died fighting and the rest were executed

16. The End of the War
On April 9, 1865 Confederate General Robert E Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
This ended the Civil War