1. The Civil War
Chapter 16
Part 2

2. A Call to Arms
April 12, 1861 at 4:30 a.m.—Fort Sumter, SC—The Confederate Army led by G.T. Beauregard fires the first shot of the Civil War.
April 15, 1861—President Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to help suppress the rebellion.
Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina secede in response.
President Davis of the Confederacy calls for more troops; 25,000 Texans respond by December 1861.

5. Fort Sumter—April 4, 1861

6. Fort Sumter—April 1865

7. A Call to Arms
Texans joined local regiments—groups of about 1000 soldiers
Terry’s Texas Rangers--founded by B.F. Terry--Texas Cavalry Unit
Hood’s Texas Brigade—founded by Confederate General John Bell Hood—lead unit in North Virginia
Ross’s Texas Brigade—founded by former Texas Ranger Lawrence Sullivan Ross

8. A Call to Arms Other important Texans of the Civil War included:
Albert Sidney Johnston—became the second-highest ranking Confederate General
Unionist James W. Throckmorton—served the Confederacy even though he believed it was a lost cause

9. Texas Readies for War
Texas was ill-equipped for war; however, Texans would use their resources to help support the war effort.
Before Texas seceded, Ben McCulloch seized over $1 million worth of Union equipment.
Iron foundries opened; plants/factories begin producing ammunition; prisons produce cloth; agriculture sustains fighters

10. Resources and Strategies
North Advantages—
Larger population could recruit more soldiers
More railroads could move troops and supplies rapidly and easily
Industrialized economy could produce more weapons, ammunitions, supplies
Established Navy could blockade all Southern ports
Established government ready to conduct and raise money to fight the war
North Disadvantage—
Have to conquer a large amount of territory

11. Resources and Strategies
Northern Strategies--
Need to blockade Southern ports
Take control of Mississippi River to cut the South in half
Capture Richmond—the capital of the Confederacy
To accomplish strategy, North opens 3 theaters of operations—
East—centered around Washington and Richmond
Tennessee and Mississippi River Valley
West of the Mississippi

12. Winfield Scott’s plan to economically crush the Confederacy.

13. Resources and Strategies
Southern Advantages—
Experienced military leaders
Experience in firearms and riding horses
Familiar land—fighting on their home-turf
Southern Strategies—
Fight a defensive war and wear down the Union
Use “Cotton Diplomacy” to get European nations to recognize and support the Confederacy