1. Chapter 16.1: War Erupts Essential Questions: What event would you say started the American Civil War? OR

2. Q1: Lincoln’s Decision Lincoln administration’s major goal was to maintain unity of country Fort Sumter in South Carolina running out of supplies Lincoln informs S.C. he’s sending supply ships to Fort Sumter Confederacy decide to attack Fort before supply ships arrive

3. Q2: First Shots Fired April 12, 1861 Confederates (the South) fire into fort for 34 hrs, until North forced to surrender Lincoln asks Union states (the North) to provide 75,000 militiamen for 90 days to stop uprising in South Some states respond in support, others in anger- Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas vote to join Confederacy (the South)

4. Q3: Importance of Virginia Confederacy (the South) gained better chance for victory with Virginia joining it Virginia wealthy and populous, Confederacy moved its capital to Richmond, Virginia Virginia home to Robert E. Lee, talented military leader, who decides to resign from US Army and join Confederate Army Robert E. Lee

5. Q4: Border States Due to location and resources border states would play key role in war’s outcome – Border States = Slave states which bordered states where slavery was illegal (Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri) All border states stayed in Union (the North) Union troops also helped group of western counties break away in Virginia, forming West Virginia In the end 24 states made up the Union (the North), and 11 joined Confederacy (the South)

7. Q5: Strengths and Weaknesses Union (North) 22 million people 85% of nations factories Over double the railroad mileage of South More naval power and shipyards President Abraham Lincoln, and his goal of maintaining the unity of the country Confederacy (South) 9 million people, including 3.5 million slaves 15% of nations factories Strong generals to start with such as Robert E. Lee Fighting defensive war – soldiers defending their homes have more will to fight than invaders Supplies and men closer, as most battles fought on Southern land, north supply lines stretched very far

9. Rating the North & the South

10. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

11. Resources: North & the South

12. Q6: Confederate (South) Strategy Didn’t want to conquer North, just wanted independence Depended on “King Cotton” to win foreign support, withholding cotton from market However, European nations had surplus of cotton at time and didn’t want to get involved in the American war

13. Q7: Union (North) Strategy Wanted to bring Southern states back to Union Naval blockade of Southern coastline, to cut off its imports and exports Anaconda Plan = smother South’s economy like anaconda squeezing prey – Wanted to gain control of Mississippi River which would split Confederacy into two pieces

15. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan

16. Q8: Battle of Bull Run Lincoln ordered invasion of Richmond, Virginia in summer 1861 To take Richmond, Union army 1 st needed to defeat Confederate troops stationed at Manassas, Virginia Battle became known as First Battle of Bull Run Confederate army (the South) won First Battle of Bull Run, shocking North and thrilling South North realized it underestimated opponent, Lincoln sends home 90 day militias troops and calls for 500,000 volunteers to serve 3 year term

18. Summary Write a 3-6 Sentence summary answering the EQ’s Remember the EQ’s were: 1.How did the Civil War begin? 1.How did members of both sides (North and South) feel the war would progress AND why?