1. Chapter 16.1: War Erupts OR
EQ: Describe the strategies, strengths, and weakness of both the North and South.

2. Lincoln’s Decision
Lincoln’s administrations major goal was to maintain unity of country
Fort Sumter in South Carolina running out of supplies
Lincoln informs S.C. he’s sending supply ships to Fort Sumter
Confederacy decide to attack Fort before supply ships arrive

3. First Shots Fired
April 12, 1861 Confederates (the South) fire into fort for 34 hours, North forced to surrender
Lincoln asks Union states
(North) to provide 75,000 militiamen for 90 days to stop uprising in South
Some states respond in support, others in anger- Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas vote to join Confederacy (South)

4. Importance of Virginia
Confederacy (the South) gained better chance for victory if Virginia joins
Virginia wealthy and populous, Confederacy moved its capital to Richmond, Virginia
Virginia home to Robert E. Lee, talented military leader, who decides to resign from US Army and join Confederate Army
Robert E. Lee

5. Border States
Due to location and resources border states would play key role in war’s outcome
Border States = Slave states which bordered states where slavery was illegal (Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri)
All border states stayed in Union (the North)
Union troops helped group of western counties break away in Virginia, forming West Virginia
In the end 24 states made up the Union (the North), and 11 joined Confederacy (the South)

7. Strengths and Weaknesses
Union (North)
Confederacy (South)
22 million people
85% of nations factories
Over double the railroad mileage of South
More naval power and shipyards
President Abraham Lincoln, and his goal of maintaining the unity of the country
9 million people, including 3.5 million slaves
15% of nations factories
Strong generals to start with such as Robert E. Lee
Fighting defensive war – soldiers defending their homes have more will to fight than invaders
Supplies and men closer, as most battles fought on Southern land, north supply lines stretched very far

9. Rating the North & the South

10. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

11. Resources: North & the South

12. Confederate (South) Strategy
Didn’t want to conquer North, wanted independence
Used the strategy of “King Cotton” to win foreign support, withholding cotton from market
However, European nations had surplus of cotton at time and didn’t want to get involved in the American war

13. Union (North) Strategy
Wanted to bring Southern states back to Union
Naval blockade of Southern coastline, to cut off its imports and exports
Anaconda Plan = smother South’s economy like anaconda squeezing prey
gain control of Mississippi River,split Confederacy into two pieces

15. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan

16. Battle of Bull Run
Lincoln ordered invasion of Richmond, Virginia- summer 1861
To take Richmond, Union army 1st needed to defeat Confederate troops stationed at Manassas, Virginia
Battle became known as First Battle of Bull Run
Confederate army (the South) won First Battle of Bull Run, shocking North, thrilling South
North realized they had underestimated opponent, Lincoln sends home 90 day militias troops and calls for 500,000 volunteers to serve 3 year term

18. Summary Write a 10 Sentence summary answering the EQ’s
Remember the EQ was:
What are the strategies of both sides and what are the strengths and weaknesses of both sides?