1. THE CIVIL WAR
PREPARING FOR WAR

2. I. PREPARING FOR WAR
A. After Fort Sumter fell, President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve as soldiers for 90 days in a campaign against the South.

3. B. With flags held high, soldiers on both sides marched off to war
B. With flags held high, soldiers on both sides marched off to war. Most felt certain that a single, gallant battle would resolve the issue.

4. 1. The war lasted for four long destructive years.

5. II. A NATION DIVIDED
A. Southerners believed that they had a right to leave the Union. They called the conflict the War for Southern Independence

6. B. Northerners felt the Southerners had betrayed the country and they were fighting to save the Union.

7. C. Choosing a side was difficult for the remaining eight slave states in the U.S. in April, 1861.
1. Four of the Eight: North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Virginia, joined the Confederacy.

8. (In the western part of Virginia, many people supported the Union
(In the western part of Virginia, many people supported the Union. When Virginia seceded, the Westerners formed their own government. They joined the Union as West Virginia in 1863.)

9. 2. The four remaining states- Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland-had many people who supported the Union. These states are known as border states.

10. D. Maryland was very important to the Union because, if Maryland sided with the Confederacy, Washington D.C. would be surrounded by the Confederacy.

11. 3. Many people who sided with the Confederacy were put in prison.
After a pro-Confederate attack on Union troops, President Lincoln declared Martial Law in Maryland.
Martial Law is rule by the army instead of by elected officials.
3. Many people who sided with the Confederacy were put in prison.

12. III. The Two Sides Southern Advantages Fight a defensive war.
Hunting was an important part of southern life, they learned early to ride horses and use guns.
Wealthy children went to military schools

13. B. SOUTHERN DISADVANTAGES
1. It had few factories to make guns, cannons, railroad tracks, and other supplies. (Southerners bought manufactured goods from the North and Europe.)
2. South had few railroads.
3. Only 9 million people lived in the South and one third of the population were slaves. The North had 22 million people.

14. C. NORTHERN ADVANTAGES
Large population to volunteer for the army, work in the factories, and grow food.
The North had 70 percent of the nations railroads
3. A strong Navy which Lincoln used to blockade Southern ports.

15. D. Northern Disadvantages
1. To bring the South back into the United States, northern soldiers had to conquer a huge area. Instead of defending their homes, they were invading an unfamiliar land.

16. IV. WARTIME LEADERS
Jefferson Davis
1. President of the Confederacy.

17. B. Abraham Lincoln
1. President of the United States.

18. C. ROBERT E. LEE
1. Robert E. Lee faced a difficult decision when Virginia, his home state, seceded. President Lincoln asked Lee to command the Union Army.

19. B. “With all my devotion to the Union, I have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my home.”

20. 3. Lee became the commander of the Confederate Army.