1. Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War Section 2: The Civil War Begins

2. Bellwork What are the Union’s options against the South?

3. A Call to Arms April 1861: Confederate attack on Fort Sumter marked beginning of Civil War

6. Fort Sumter—April 4, 1861

7. Fort Sumter—April 1865

8. A Call to Arms Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina secede Thousands of Texans rushed to join Confederate forces.

9. A Call to Arms End of 1861: 25,000 Texans in Confederate army Regiments—units of about 1,000 soldiers

10. A Call to Arms Terry’s Texas Rangers B.F. Terry Hood’s Texas Brigade John Bell Hood Ross’s Texas Brigade Lawrence Sullivan Ross

12. A Call to Arms Albert Sidney Johnston—Texan who was the second highest- ranking officer in the Confederate army until he was killed in battle Albert Sidney Johnston

14. Texas Readies for War Texas troop ill-equipped Texas government seized federal property Captured $1 million worth of supplies in San Antonio State’s resources put to use

15. Resources & Strategies Northern Advantages: –Larger population –Railroads –Factories –Established government

16. Resources & Strategies Southern advantages: –Experienced military leaders –Experience in riding horses and using firearms

17. Resources & Strategies Confederate strategy: –Defensive war –South’s greatest resource for trade with the world was cotton

18. Resources & Strategies Union strategy: –Blockade of southern seaports –Take control of the Mississippi –Capture Richmond, Virginia— capital of Confederacy

19. Resources & Strategies War in three theatres: –East: Washington D.C. & Richmond –Tennessee and Mississippi –West of the Mississippi River

20. The Major Battles of the Civil War Major battles took place east of the Mississippi First Battle of Bull Run (July 1861): –Union attempt to capture Richmond –Union forces drove out of Virginia

21. Home destroyed during First Battle of Bull Run—July 1861

22. The Major Battles of the Civil War Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862): –Lee clashes with Union force in Maryland –Union victory –12,000 Union casualties –13,000 Confederate casualties –Bloodiest day in American History

23. President Lincoln and Gen. George B. McClellan in the general's tent

24. Allan Pinkerton, President Lincoln, and Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand

25. Battle of Antietam—September 17, 1862

26. Confederate Dead at Antietam

27. The Major Battles of the Civil War Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) ‏ –Union victory –Lee on defensive for the rest of war –23,000 Union casualties –28,000 Confederate casualties

28. Soldiers at Gettysburg

29. Union and Confederate Dead at Gettysburg

30. The Major Battles of the Civil War The struggle to control the Mississippi River Valley was costly and of major significance to the war. Battle of Shiloh (April 1862): –Costly for both sides –Albert Sidney Johnston killed

31. The Major Battles of the Civil War Siege of Vicksburg (July 1863): –Controlled traffic on Mississippi –Six week siege –Confederacy split in two

33. U.S.S. St. Louis (Ironclad)‏

34. Section 2: The Civil War Begins Northern StrategySouthern Strategy