509 BCE – 30 BCE The Roman Republic

Chapter Objectives After this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe how the Roman government was organized. 2. Explain how the Roman Republic was able to expand. 3. Summarize how the effects of conquest changed the Roman economy and government. 4. Discuss efforts to save the Roman Republic.

Government Consuls Senate JudgesAssembliesTribunes What were The Twelve Tables? Other Important Vocabulary Words Plebeians Patricians Veto Honors and Humanities Read Chapter 4 of Honors text

Roman Expansion The need to protect what they had (Etruscans). Read story of Horatius (pgs Honors text) Conquered or made allies Very Strong Army – Legions (5000 Legionaries)Legions Dress the Roman Centurian Mild Rulers of those they conquered

The Punic Wars

Carthage

The First Punic War 264 BCE First of Three Wars between Rome and Carthage Carthage – Navy Rome – Army (they later built a navy to compete) Corvus Rome won – Carthaginians left Sicily Honors and Humanities

The Second Punic War 218 BCE Hannibal Barca War Elephants Battles BC Part 1 Show beginning the end, of Part 1 Battles BC Part 1 Show beginning the end, of Part 1 Not enough heavy equipment Raided and burned Battles BC Part 4 Show from minute 7 on Part 4 Battles BC Part 5 Show beginning of Part 5 Attacked Carthage Rome wins – 201 BCE Read Chapter 1 of Blue Book

Hannibal 7 Minute Reenactment

The Third Punic War 149 BCE Carthage regaining power Romans attacked Carthaginians were finished Rome attacked Corinth, Greece, for good measure.

264 BCE

50 BCE

120 AD

The Effects of Conquest Due to Hannibal Small Farms to Large Estates (latifundias) Who worked the latifundias? Farmers moved to Rome – awful living conditions Decline of the Roman Republic (135 BCE) 1. Taxes - Publicans 2. Farmers lost land/independence 3. Luxuries bought in other cities=Merchants grew poor 4. Government officials busy getting rich 5. Rich Poor

Roman Leadership Next 100 years spent trying to improve Rome. (Read Text) REFORMERS Tribune Tiberius Gracchus (133 BCE)– limit land ownership – gave public lands to the poor – ran for a second term – killed with his followers by Senate Tribune Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (123 BCE) – move poor from the city to the countryside – discount wheat to the poor – killed in 121 BCE by the Senate. Read Chapter 2 of the Blue Book

Tiberius Gracchus Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8

Roman Leadership GENERALS General Gaius Marius becomes Consul (107 BCE) – first lower class Roman to be elected this high – opened the Army to everyone – provided jobs – loyalty was to the general that hired them, not Rome. Lucius Cornelius Sulla – opposed Marius – Marched on Rome (civil war) – named self Dictator – increased size of the Senate – made general move from one command to another yearly. Video Summary Watch only the first half, up to Julius Caesar Video Summary Sulla

Slavery and Spartacus Roman Slaves - Academic Roman Slaves Slavery and Spartacus - Academic Slavery and Spartacus Roman Slavery, Gladiators, and the Spartacus Revolt - Honors and Humanities Roman Slavery, Gladiators, and the Spartacus Revolt Gladiator Spartacus in the Arena Crassus Spartacus Vs the Romans Final Scene I am Spartacus I am Spartacus (Pepsi) I am Spartacus Spartacus – Behind the Myth 1 Spartacus – Behind the Myth 2

Julius Caesar 6o BCE Sulla Retired Rise of Caesar (watch from 5:35 on) Rise of Caesar Caesar Vs Vincengentorix Triumverate 1. Marcus Licinius Crassus 2. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus 3. Julius Caesar Crassus dies – the other two fight for power Pompey murdered

Julius Caesar 58 BCE – Governor of Roman Gaul BCE Conquered a lot of land (and people) 50 BCE Told to dismantle his Army 50 BCE Came to Rome with his Troops 46 BCE – Self Appointed Dictator of Rome - MADE MANY REFORMS WHICH HELPED DO A GREAT DEAL FOR ROME – THE PEOPLE LOVED HIM – BUT GUESS WHO FEARED HIM. Killed by the Senate on March 15, 44 BCE – The Ides of March

The End of the Republic New Triumverate – DID NOT LIKE EACH OTHER New Triumverate Mark Antony – Caesar’s closest follower Octavian – Caesar’s grand nephew/adopted son Marcus Lepidus – One of Caesar’s top officer