1. Roman Expansion
Rome expanded their empire by conquering neighbors, and making alliances.
Rome’s strong army was organized into legions.
Each legion contained 5,000 soldiers called legionaries.
Legions could be divided into groups of soldiers.

2. The Punic Wars
The Punic Wars are 3 wars between Rome and Carthage that spanned 100 years.
The 1st Punic War: Rome developed its Navy to beat Carthage on the Mediterranean.
The 2nd Punic War: Hannibal Barca entered Italy from the Alps. Romans fled the countryside to the city for protection.
The 3rd Punic War: Rome defeated Carthage. Rome plowed salt into their fields.

3. Hannibal Hannibal came to Rome’s wall, but couldn’t enter Rome.
Hannibal raided and burned Roman villages for 15 years.
Hannibal returned to Carthage when Rome attacked his homeland.
Carthage lost, and gave up Spain and their territories to Rome.

4. Effects of Conquest Small farms were destroyed by Hannibal’s raids.
Patricians purchased farms
and created latifundias
(large estates).
Slavery expanded in Rome, taking jobs.
Plebeians and farmers moved to cities.
Rome demanded taxes from conquered territories.
The gap between the rich and poor grew!!