1. The Roman Republic
509 BCE – 30 BCE

2. Chapter Objectives
After this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
Describe how the Roman government was organized.
Explain how the Roman Republic was able to expand.
Summarize how the effects of conquest changed the Roman economy and government.
Discuss efforts to save the Roman Republic.

3. Government Consuls Senate Judges Assemblies Tribunes
What were The Twelve Tables?
Other Important Vocabulary Words
Plebeians
Patricians
Veto

4. Roman Expansion The need to protect what they had (Etruscans)
Conquered or made allies
Very Strong Army – Legions (5000 Legionaries)
Dress the Roman Centurian
Mild Rulers of those they conquered

5. The Punic Wars

6. Carthage

7. The First Punic War
264 BCE
First of Three Wars between Rome and Carthage
Carthage – Navy
Rome – Army (they later built a navy to compete)
Corvus
Rome won – Carthaginians left Sicily

8. The Second Punic War 218 BCE Hannibal Barca Not enough heavy equipment
Raided and burned
Attacked Carthage
Rome wins – 201 BCE
Carthage pays big time

9. Hannibal

10. The Third Punic War 149 BCE Carthage regaining power Romans attacked
Carthaginians were finished
Rome attacked Corinth, Greece

11. 264 BCE

12. 50 BCE

13. 120 AD

14. The Effects of Conquest
Small Farms to Large Estates (latifundias)
Due to Hannibal
Who worked the latifundias?
Farmers moved to Rome – awful living conditions
Decline of the Roman Republic (135 BCE)
Taxes - Publicans
Farmers lost land/independence
Luxuries bought in other cities=Merchants grew poor
Government officials busy getting rich
Rich Poor

15. Roman Leadership Next 100 years spent trying to improve Rome REFORMERS
Tribune Tiberius Gracchus (133 BCE)– limit land ownership – gave public lands to the poor – ran for a second term – killed with his followers by Senate
Tribune Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (123 BCE) – move poor from the city to the countryside – discount wheat to the poor – killed in 121 BCE by the Senate

16. Roman Leadership GENERALS
General Gaius Marius becomes Consul (107 BCE) – first lower class Roman to be elected this high – opened the Army to everyone – provided jobs – loyalty was to the general that hired them, not Rome.
Lucius Cornelius Sulla – opposed Marius – Marched on Rome (civil war) – named self Dictator – increased size of the Senate – made general move from one command to another yearly

17. Julius Caesar 6o BCE Sulla Retired Triumverate Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Julius Caesar
Crassus dies – the other two fight for power
Pompey murdered

18. Julius Caesar 58 BCE – Governor 57-50 BCE Conquered a lot of land
50 BCE Told to dismantle his Army
50 BCE Came to Rome with his Troops
46 BCE – Self Appointed Dictator of Rome
MADE MANY REFORMS WHICH HELPED DO A GREAT DEAL FOR ROME – THE PEOPLE LOVED HIM – BUT GUESS WHO FEARED HIM.
Killed by the Senate on March 15, 44 BCE – The Ides of March

19. The End of the Republic New Triumverate – DID NOT LIKE EACH OTHER
Mark Antony – Caesar’s closest follower
Octavian – Caesar’s grand nephew/adopted son
Marcus Lepidus – One of Caesar’s top officers
31 BCE – Octavian was the sole ruler of the Roman Empire

20. Virtual Tour of Rome