Textile Industry: the First Example of Industrialization Objective: I can prove industrialization had a social, political, and economic effect on Western Europe and the World.

Textile Industry: the First Example of Industrialization  England had long been the center of textile production.  Traditionally, British textiles were produced through the putting-out system.

Textile Industry: the First Example of Industrialization  Craftspeople in rural areas spun flax (linen) into fiber (thread) at home.  The fiber was then transported by merchants to other craftspeople who wove the fiber into fabric.  Because the labor was spread out in many workers’ homes, the putting-out system did not produce textiles quickly enough to keep pace with rising demand. [Cottage Home Industry]

Partner Questions1

 Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?  What was the first industry to industrialize?  What was the putting-out system or cottage home industry?

Inventions of New Machines  The putting-out system came to an end with a number of inventions that changed the way textiles were manufactured.  These changes led to the creation of the first textile factories.

Invention of New Machines  In the 18 th century, John Kay invented the flying shuttle, which improved a weaving looms.  Traditionally, two people had been needed to work a loom, but the flying shuttle made it possible for one person to do the job.  With the flying shuttle, weavers were able to weave faster than human spinners could spin thread.

Invention of New Machines  In about 1764, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, which allowed as many as 16 threads to be spun at once.  With it, spinners were able to catch up with the weavers.  These new machines were placed in special buildings, or factories.  Now spinners, weavers, and the machines were brought together in one place.

Invention of New Machines  In 1769, Sir Richard Arkwright, an English industrialist, invented the water frame, a large, water-powered spinning frame that created a strong thread.

Invention of New Machines  The spinning mule, invented in 1779 by Samuel Crompton, was a combination of the spinning jenny and the water frame.  The spinning mule made strong, fine fiber.

Partner Questions2

 What brought an end to the putting-out system or cottage home industry?  What was a specialized building called that housed machines?

Invention of New Machines  The Scotsman James Watt’s improvement of the coal- powered steam engine in 1782 contributed to the growth of the textile industry.  So did Edmund Cartwright’s power loom (1785), which was run by steam power.

Effects of Steam Power  Rushing streams and rivers turned the huge wheels that had provided power used by the early factories.  With the steam-powered water loom, textile factories could be built anywhere, not just near sources of water.

Partner Question3

 What was located near early factories?  What invention changed the way machines were powered?  After the power loom, where were factories built?

Effects of Steam Power  The steam engine also contributed to the growth of steam-powered railroads in the early 19 th century, which allowed merchants to transport goods cheaply long distances over land.  England’s coal industry grew as the use of the steam engine grew.  More workers were needed to mine coal and to run steam powered machines in factories and steam engines in ships and trains.

Partner Question4

 Explain how the steam engine, railroads, and coal are all connected.

Primary Source-Climbing Boy  Write a paragraph response to the primary source about the climbing boy.  Do you think this is common for the time period?  Could something like this happen today?