1. The Industrial Revolution: The Factory System
Unit I: Rights and Revolution History 112 S. Saunders

2. Outcome 2.1.1
Know, understand, and be able to explain the new ideas and innovations which led to the Industrial Revolution

3. Supply and Demand
PROFIT +LARGER INVESTMENT=HIGHER PROFIT

4. The Cottage Industry
Textiles = made in people’s homes (merchants would provide the raw materials and basic equipment and then pick up the finished product) Workers were able to set their own schedule. Textiles were well-made.

5. The Cotton Industry 18th C
A growing for cotton cloth led British manufactures to look for ways to increase production.
Cotton production was a long process, but new technology changes this.
demand

6. The Factory System
Cottage Industry could not keep up with supply and demand.
New machines were often too big to go in homes: factories
Mass-produced textiles were less expensive to make and purchase, thus forcing people out of work.
Because of supply and demand, workers in the cottage industry had to leave home to find work in the factories.

7. Group Project: Inventions and Innovations of the Industrial Revolution
SEE HANDOUT
Spinning Jenny Steam Engine Puddling Process
Flying Shuttle The Water Frame The Power Loom
The Cotton Gin The Telegraph The Spinning Mule

8. Significant European Inventions
The Spinning Wheel
Circa 1000AD??
(1000 AD??)

9. The Flying Shuttle: 1733 John Kay
Made weaving faster (but weavers then need more thread)

10. Spinning Jenny 1764 Invented by James Hargreaves
‘jenny’ was an abbreviation for the word ‘engine.’
One person could make multiple spools of thread at the same time.
Meeting the needs of the weavers

11. The Water Frame Circa 1770
Richard Arkwright (John Kay: Hired by factory owner, Arkwright)
First powered textile machine
2 minutes

12. The Water Powered Loom circa 1785
Edmund Cartwright …..inspired by his visit to Arkwright’s factory
Improved the speed and quality of weaver.
Used steam engines produced by James Watt to drive his looms.

13. Water Powered Loom

14. Spinning Mule Samuel Compton – circa 1779
Combined the spinning jenny and the water frame
Allowed for greater control over the weaving process (spinning fibers into yarn)
Fun fact: ’mule’ signifies a hybrid between 2 earlier machines – like mule as a hybrid between a horse and a donkey

15. The Cotton Gin circa 1794 Eli Whitney – US born inventor
Speed up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber
Cotton based agriculture expands in the US
Do you think this may have been a factor in the spread of slavery in the Southern United States?

16. The Telegraph circa 1837 Samuel Morse sent the first message in 1844
The electric telegraph – revolutionary form of communication
Built along railroad lines

17. These inventions led to the need for more workers to run the machines.
Workers lived near factories…near streams and rivers because the early machines were all powered by water.

18. The Steam Engine
Improved by James Watt 1760…changes in 1782 enabled the engine to drive machinery (such as spinning and weaving).
Steam engines were powered by coal and not water…..this meant that factories did not have to be located near water.

19. The ‘Steam Engine’
James Watt
(1770)

21. . F N ‘; Luddite A person who is opposed to technological change.
19th Century English workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery….a protest supposedly led by ‘Ned Ludd’
‘The Luddites’ – 51 minutes

22. Effects from the Creation of Factories
Workers lived near factories…near streams and rivers because the early machines were all powered by water.
These inventions led to the need for more workers to run the machines.
FOUR EFFECTS:
Cottage Industry ends
People moved to the cities (urban areas) to work
Unhealthy environments in the cities
Working Condition problems

23. Energy for the IR
Factories need energy to create steam for their engines.
Thus, factories were built near water sources and, at first, forests. Unfortunately, forests became quickly exhausted. Alternate energy sources were needed.
Coal was the next available resource.
Mining becomes a necessary industry, not only for coal, but for iron to make machines.

24. The Coal and Iron Industry
A cheaper and easier way to create cast iron was developed.
The puddling process circa 1749 by Abraham Darby II

25. Mining

30. Transportation
Machines are needed not only for producing products, but for transporting them, as well as the raw materials.
Britain had a vast colonial empire and could transport their goods anywhere in the world.
Thus the train: the steam locomotive, becomes a new form of transportation.
Other forms of transportation are used in the canals and rivers.