January 13, 2013 EQ- How was reconstruction carried out in the South? Standard- USH10 Table of Contents: 86. Reconstruction Powerpoint notes 87. Presidential v Congressional Reconstruction 88. Reconstruction Review Civil War and Reconstruction Test is Friday!!!

Reconstruction USH 10

Significance of amendments… 13 th amendment: abolished slavery! 14 th amendment: any person born in the U.S. is a naturalized citizen! 15 th amendment: can’t deny any U.S. citizen the right to VOTE!

Atlanta after Sherman’s March to the Sea

Atlanta after being burned

Unusable railroad junction (Atlanta)

Photo of LIVING Andersonville prisoner (southern prison)

Reconstruction Rebuilding the South after the Civil War  Legally  Politically  Socially Southerners resisted  Black codes  KKK created

Presidential Radical Republican Lenient on allowing Southern states to re-enter. Moderate Republicans (both Lincoln and Johnson) It only punished the higher officers of the Confederate Army. Ten Percent Plan- Southern states had to – Ratify the 13 th – Disown secession – 10% of 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance. Lincoln assassinated- Johnson continues it his way Congress hates it and tries to impeach Wanted to punish ALL of those who fought for the South. Wanted to have military rule in the South. The military would appoint governors to control different sections of the South. Led by “Radical Republicans” in Congress Wade-Davis bill- Southern states: – Ratify 13 th – Have 50% of voters disown secession In they get control of Congress; try to impeach Johnson First Reconstruction Act – Guarantee AA right to vote – Open elections for all to pick delegates to state constitutional conventions – New state constitutions, ratify 13,14,15 th By all Southern states back in Union Fed troops kept in South to keep peace

Freedman’s Bureau The Bureau supervised all of the relief programs for the “freed” men. They issued rations, clothing, and medicine.

40 Acres and a Mule Freedmen families followed Sherman on his march to sea In Savannah he announced his plan for those families Abandoned Confederate plantations on coastal islands would be divided up Every freedman family would get 40 acres and a mule Would have helped 18,000 families Johnson stopped it from happening

Efforts to Educate Freedmen Free schools established all over the South (3,000 schools) Newspapers started Colleges and Universities – HBCU’s (over 100 recognized schools created for the black community)

Morehouse College Founded in 1867 In Atlanta, Georgia Founded by a former slave and two ministers Originally offered Ministry and Education

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson He violated the “Bogus” Tenure of Office Act. He fired Stanton who was the Sec. of War without permission from the Senate. Only kept office by one vote Radical Republican attempt to take over Reconstruction

Resistance to Reconstruction Many in the South did not want Reconstruction to succeed They did not want to guarantee rights to African Americans They eventually won… – Violence – Refusal to follow directives – Harsh laws restricting freedmen’s rights

Black Codes Laws that Southerners placed on Freedmen Southerners did not want freedmen to participate in politics. Rights granted- marry, own property, use courts Rights denied- testify against whites, serve on juries or militias, vote, sue, speak out about rights/problems Most recognized this as essentially a re-introduction of slavery.

Ku Klux Klan Originally founded in Tennessee in 1866 Started as a Confederate War veterans club Especially violent towards People trying to vote Northern whites who came South to help Southern whites who tried to help with Reconstruction Educated black people who tried to get involved in community affairs or speak out about problems Difficult to stop- no weapons, courts run by KKK sympathizers Federal troops sent to break it up By 1872 the KKK was starting to lessen (wanted federal troops gone)

The end of Reconstruction… Presidential Election of 1876 Democrats- Tilden Republicans- Hayes Hayes won popular vote but lost electoral vote He is declared winner, Southerners in Congress threaten Hayes makes…. Compromise of if Southerners will support him as President, he will remove troops from the South… They do… he does… AND NOW….. 1.Reconstruction ends 2.There is no federal presence in the South to protect freedmen 3.Things get really bad. 