1. Identify legal, political, and social dimensions of reconstruction.
Unit 5:Reconstruction
Identify legal, political, and social dimensions of reconstruction.

2. Standards 10
SSUSH10 Identify legal, political, and social dimensions of Reconstruction.
A) Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction
B) Bureau of Refugees
C) 13th-15th Amendment
D) Resistance during Reconstruction
C) Presidential Election of 1876

3. Presidential Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction
10A. Compare and contrast presidential reconstruction with congressional reconstruction
Presidential Reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction
Represented a desire to rebuild the country quickly and without ill-feelings following the war.
Lenient with former Confederate officials.
7,000 presidential pardons.
Believed the Southern States should decide the best course that was best for them.
“Radical Republican Reconstruction” (Legislative branch)
Regarded the Southern States as conquered territory.
Mapped out a more harsh plan
Took the right to vote and hold office from former Confederate Leaders.
P.R. : Refers to Lincolns Ten Percent Plan. 1) Ratify the 13th Amendment. 2) States had to repudiate secession 3) When 10% had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States, they good.
LENIENT: Rapidly integrate the southern states back in to the Union / Appointed governors to make political changes.
C.R. : First Reconstruction Act (Five military districts administered military governors)
MAPPED: readmission= former male slaves and free blacks suffrage.
TOOK: Hold open elections for both White and Black representatives to the state constitutional convention. Purpose = Amendment.

4. Johnson would veto Republican legislation
10A. Compare and contrast presidential reconstruction with congressional reconstruction
Johnson would veto Republican legislation
Firing Republicans from executive offices held by Lincoln
A struggle between Congress and President over governmental power
Tenure of Office Act
law required Senate approval before the President could remove a federal official or military commander from a position in the government.
Johnson ignored law and was impeached from breaking federal law.
Ultimately, he was saved by ONE VOTE.

5. 10B. Investigate the efforts of the freedmens bureau to support poor whites, former slaves and American indians
Freedmen’s Bureau
Support former slaves in beginning new lives and homeless whites
“Relief Agency”
Basic Needs
Food, clothing, shelter and medical assistance.
System of free labor, 3000 schools for free persons, settling disputes
Basic education provided to approximately 200,000 blacks.
Illegal to teach slaves to read and write during slavery. WHY??
Bureau ceased operation is 1872.
Purpose was to support former slaves in beginning new lives and homeless whites who were displaced or lost their property during the war.
The Bureau also worked to reunite families and legalize the marriages of former slaves.
Develop basic math and reading skills in order to not be taken advantage of.

6. 10c. Describe the significance of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments
13th Amendment: Ended slavery in 1865
14th Amendment: all people born or naturalized to the United States are citizens.
15th Amendment: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude”/ Null the provisions for slavery within the original Constitution.
14th meant that all former slaves are citizens of the United States. / also states should protect the rights of all United States citizens.
15th did little to limit the effects of poll taxes, the grandfather clause, literacy tests.
Known as the Reconstruction Amendments

7. 10d. Explain the Black Codes, the Ku Klux Klan, the other forms of resistance to racial equality during reconstruction
Black Codes
Racist state laws passed during reconstruction.
Regulate Relations
An attempt by plantation owners to secure the labor supply lost as a result of the Thirteenth Amendment by requiring all Blacks to provide proof of employment or be forced to work for White land owners.
While recognizing some rights, such as legalized marriage, ownership of property, and limited access to the courts, Black Codes denied Blacks the rights to testify against Whites, to serve on juries or in state militias, to vote, and to express legal concern publicly

8. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) founded in 1866.
10d. Explain the Black Codes, the Ku Klux Klan, the other forms of resistance to racial equality during reconstruction
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) founded in 1866.
Closely associated with the worst forms of violence and intimidations.
Targeted Southern Whites who tried to support Reconstruction, and Blacks who were educated and participated in community affairs.
Initially, the Klan tried to scare Blacks into compliance and keep them from voting.

9. 10e. Analyze how the presidential election of 1876 marked the end of reconstruction
Voting participation by blacks is enormous!
South Carolina’s majority slave population before the Civil War meant that the former slaves who exercised the right to vote in the state after the war held tremendous power.
Election of 1876: Ruther B. Hayes (R) and Samuel J. Tilden (D)
Tilden won the popular vote, Hayes won the Electoral College (Sound familiar?)
Hayes promises the Compromise of 1877
support internal improvements for the South, appoint a Southerner to the Cabinet, and withdraw federal troops from the South.
Economic downturn due to Reconstruction.
Reconstruction will come to an end,
A key factor in the North’s willingness to abandon Reconstruction efforts was the economy. The nation was faced with an economic downturn in the 1870s and the Reconstruction expenses put a significant strain on the federal government. The North viewed themselves as solely financing the military occupation and relief programs such as the Freedmen’s Bureau. Ending Reconstruction was a way to cut expenses.