1. Bellringer 36

2. SSUSH 10 The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of Reconstruction. SSUSH10

3. 5 days after the Civil War ends President Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth!

4. Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Vice President Johnson became President after Lincoln’s assassination in 1865 He was sympathetic to the South. Southern slave owner!

5. Reconstruction After the war, the South needed to be rebuilt physically, economically, and politically. Reconstruction was the rebuilding of the South after the war Three Plans: Lincoln’s Plan, Johnson’s Plan, and Republican/Congressional Plan

6. Lincoln’s Plan Goal: Heal the South & Reunite the Union Appointed temporary governors to run Southern States Southern states had to: 1-declare secession null and void 2-abolish slavery 3- 10% of population had to declare allegiance to the US 4-cancel all war debts Johnson’s Plan Very Lenient on the South! Followed Lincoln’s Plan, but pardoned many Confederate leaders and officials

7. Georgia is Readmitted! Held a new constitutional convention Repealed the Ordinance of Session and passed the 13th amendment. Constitution was very similar to the old one! Georgia was readmitted into the Union in December of 1865. This proved to be temporary.

8. The Radical Republicans/Congressional Plan Republicans in Congress offered their own plan for Reconstruction: 1. The southern states were put under military rule 2. Southern states had to hold new constitutional conventions. 3. African Americans were allowed to vote. 4. Southerners who had supported the Confederacy were not allowed to vote (temporarily). 5. Southern states had to guarantee equal rights to African Americans. 6. Southern states had to recognize African Americans as citizens. The Radical Republican plan was much harsher on the South!

9. Military Rule in the South In 1867 Congress divided the South into military districts: Southern states had to redesign their state constitutions to the approval of Congress

10. Freedman’s Bureau General Sherman set aside all abandoned land along the coast for use by former slaves Congress formed the Freedmen’s Bureau to help freemen and poor whites. The Bureau was in charge of feeding, clothing and finding jobs, and establishing school for the former slaves

11. Morehouse College Founded in 1867 by a former slave with the purpose of training freed slaves how to read and write

12. Henry McNeal Turner & Black Legislators 32 black men were elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1867. Henry McNeal Turner: Helped organize the Republican party during Reconstruction South Carolina preacher/chaplain during the war One of the many black legislators expelled from the Gen. Assembly by whites Led a “Back to Africa” movement

13. Life in the South Sharecropping: a family farmed a portion of a white landowner’s land in return for housing and a portion of the crop. Tenant Farming: farming- a step up from sharecropping, the tenant uses the land and pays rent, whether in cash or crop Example: landowner gets $50 or $50 worth of crop Tenant Farmer brings more to the table than just labor (tools, fertilizer, etc.)

14. Cycle of Sharecropping

15. The North Benefits from Reconstruction Carpetbagger: Northerners who came to the South to do business (get rich). The South despised them because they thought they were being used! Scalawag: Poor “white trash” Southerners who supported Republicans and Reconstruction. (Hated by the South!)

16. Amendments 13 th Amendment: Banned slavery and granted full emancipation to all slaves (ratified by a majority in 1865) 14 th Amendment : provided citizenship and equal rights to of the law to all persons born in the United States (except Native Americans)(1868) 15 th Amendment: Protected the voting rights of African-Americans (and all other males) (1870)

17. African America Rights in the South Desire for freedom and community led to the growth of AFRICAN AMERICAN CHURCHES 500 freedmen served in State Legislatures during Reconstruction Jim Crow Laws: AKA Black Codes. An attempt to control former slaves Attempts to keep freedmen out of politics: Polltax: fee applied to voting Literacy Tests: test to prove literacy before freedmen could vote

18. Ku Klux Klan Secretive organizer Create to resist the equal right to African Americans Used violence to intimidate freedmen and minorities (Catholics, scalawags, Jews) ex) Lynching, burning crosses Leader was called Grand Wizard

19. The End of Reconstruction In 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes was elected President in a highly contested race. Hayes ordered the withdrawal of all Union troops in the South as part of the Compromise of 1877 After the troops left white Southerners regained control and worked to strengthen segregation

20. Questions????? What were some of the main differences between the Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction plans? What was the purpose of the Freedman’s Bureau? Why was Andrew Johnson impeached? What was the purpose of the black codes? How did the Compromise of 1877 end Reconstruction?