1. CHAPTER 12

2. The Politics of Reconstruction Section 1
Lincoln favored lenient reconstruction
Wanted South's return as soon as possible
10-Percent Plan
Pardon all Confederates except high ranking officials & those accused of crimes against prisoners of war
10 percent of voters had to swear to be loyal to the union
The state then could be admitted into the Union

3. Reconstruction Cont.
Lincoln's plan angered many people --> Radical Republicans
Wade-Davis Bill
Said congress was responsible for Reconstruction
Lincoln pocket vetos the bill making congress angry

4. Johnson's Plan
Remaining Confederate states could become part of the Union if:
swear allegiance to the Union
Pay Confederate war debts
Ratify the 13th amendment
Johnson wished to keep wealthy southerners from taking the oath
Angered most radicals (Failed to help slaved with voting rights)
Relieved most Southerners

5. Johnson Cont. All states agree to the terms (form the most part)
Johnson pardons all
58 sat in Confederate Congress
6 Served in Confederate Cabinet
4 Fought as Confederate Generals
All served in New U.S. Congress

6. Standstill of Reconstruction
Congress refuses to admit newly elected Southern legislators
Freedmen's Bureau
Assist former slaves and poor whites in the South
Set up more than 40 hospitals and 4,000 Schools
61 Industrial institutes and 74 teacher trainer centers

7. Civil Rights act of 1866 Gave African Americans citizenship
forbade states from passing "Black Codes"
Johnson vetoes Both

8. Moderates and Radicals
Fourteenth Amendment
"All persons born or naturalized in the United States"
Equal protection of the law
Could not be deprived of person of live, liberty, or property

9. Johnson Impeached
Felt Johnson was not carrying out his constitutional obligations
Congress Passes Tenure of Office Act
President could not remove cabinet officers during the presidential term
Johnson wanted to test it so he fires Secretary of War
Congress Impeaches Johnson - Impeachment is one vote short

10. Election U.S. Grant was elected 15th Amendment
No one can be kept from voting based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"

11. Reconstruction Society Section 2
Conditions
Civil War took place mostly in the South
Sherman Alone million worth of damage
Southern States had large projects rebuilding

12. Public Works Programs
Built roads, bridges, railroads, orphanages, public school systems
South had to increase taxes slowing the regions recovery

13. Voters
9 out of 10 times African Americans supported the Republican party
White Southerners had a problem accepting African Americans

14. Challenges African American Freedoms
Ex-Slaves had a problem adjusting to the freedom
Became eager to move away from plantation life
Families
African Americans went to extreme lengths to find family members
Freedman's bureau began helping find lost families

15. Education 80% of African Americans were illiterate
Schools were set up all over to educate free slaves
Southerners were angry at this fact and used violence
By ,000 African Americans were enrolled in elementary schools

16. Politics
For the first time African Americans held offices in local, state, and federal governments

17. Sharecropping African Americans did not have their own land
This forced many slaves to sign contracts with planters
Worker would receive a few acres, seed & tools
At the end of the season the worker would give the planter a portion of their crops

18. The Collapse of Reconstruction Section 3
Ku Klux Klan
Social club for Confederate veterans
Became violent and main goal was to restore white supremacy

19. Economic Pressure
KKK would either destroy property or would not do business with them

20. Problems Grant No political experience
Often selected friends into appointments
Often had scandals
This causes the republicans to become split

21. Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes Vs. Samuel J. Tilden
First time someone lost the popular but won the electoral