Social Development

Fact: Parents are the first to influence our social development.

Parenting Styles: What difference do they make?

Authoritative Families Children in these families: can assume responsibility for themselves gradually. are more likely to identify with their parents and perpetuate their values. learn from parents who model responsible, cooperative independence.

Other influences?

Socialization The process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture in which an individual is born and will live.

Three Dimensions of Socialization 1. Learning what the rules are and when to apply them. 2. Acquiring an identity as a member of a particular society, of a particular family, and as an individual. 3. Learning to live with other people and yourself.

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development Oral Stage birth to 18 mos. Anal Stage 1 ½ to 3 years Phallic Stage 3 to 6 years

Latency Stage 6 years to puberty Genital Stage puberty to adulthood

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust Early Infancy Is my world predictable & supportive? Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 1-3 years Can I do things myself or must I rely on others? Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt 3-6 years Am I good or bad? Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority 6-12 years Am I successful or worthless? Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion Early Teens Who am I? Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation Young Adult Shall I share my life with someone or live alone? Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation Middle Adult Will I succeed in life? Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair Older Adult Have I lived a full life?

Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg