1. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Chapter 10 Developmental Theories

2. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Terminology Physical growth Development –Cephalocaudal, proximal/distal Maturation Differentiation

3. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Factors Influencing Growth and Development Forces of nature –Heredity –Temperament External forces –Family –Peer group –Life experiences

4. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Factors Influencing Growth and Development (cont’d) External forces (cont’d) –Health environment –Prenatal health –Nutrition –Rest, sleep, and exercise –State of health –Living environment

5. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Developmental Theories Biophysical Psychoanalytic/psychosocial Cognitive Moral

6. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Psychoanalytic/Psychosocial Theories Sigmund Freud Psychosexual developmental stages –Stage 1: oral –Stage 2: anal –Stage 3: phallic or oedipal –Stage 4: latency –Stage 5: genital

7. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Psychoanalytic/Psychosocial Theories (cont’d) Erik Erikson Eight stages of life –Trust versus mistrust –Autonomy versus sense of shame or doubt –Initiative versus guilt –Industry versus Inferiority –Identity versus role confusion

8. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Psychoanalytic/Psychosocial Theories (cont’d) Eight stages of life (cont’d) –Intimacy versus Isolation –Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation –Integrity versus despair

9. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Psychoanalytic/Psychosocial Theories (cont’d) Robert Havighurst –Series of essential tasks arising from predictable internal and external pressures Roger Gould –Five developmental themes Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas –Behavioral styles of children

10. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Cognitive Theory Jean Piaget –Period I: sensorimotor –Period II: preoperational –Period III: concrete operations –Period IV: formal operations

11. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Moral Development Theories Jean Piaget –Premoral, conventional, and autonomous stages Lawrence Kohlberg –Six stages of development –Three levels Carol Gilligan