1. Erik Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages of Developmental Learning

2. Introduction Activity: Relationship Stage
Action Intro
Have one person start by saying an action and their name. The action should start with the same letter as their name.
For example: energetic Eric or jumping Jill.
First step --Here is an ice breaker to get to know everyone… let’s begin by making a standing circle .
Second step- read the slide ( All bullets)
Third step- When they say their action and a name, they can also act out their action. So, jumping Jill would jump up and down. Have the entire group go around and repeat everyone’s actions and names each time a new person introduces him or herself

3. Instructional Objective
Counselors and Team Leaders will focus on students who failed or were border line of failure in the previous academic year.
The learning objective will focus on two subparts. 1) Academics, 2) Team/Family Culture.
1) Academics – A primary focus on previous grade point averages and additional state exams to assist the students that need counseling, tutoring, extra academic support and modifications. Focus primarily on students who failed partial parts of previous academic year.
2) Team/family is the second part of the learning objective and counselors will concentrate on this area. Counselors will make sure to communicate with all students who are targeted by previous academic grades. Counselors will focus on providing support to general education teachers, staff and faculty by providing insight information about meetings, teleconferences and parent/counselor meetings. Counselors will keep a open line of communication with parent and student on a weekly basis. Counselors will track students progress by creating a tracking system that will allow all teachers to type in accurate notes on behavior and weekly grades. This will help in identifying who is having difficulty with behavior or academics. Counselors will use Team/Family to create a team environment consisting of parents, students, faculty and counselors that will concentrate on the intended students.

4. Who is Erik Erikson ? German –born American developmental psychologist
Created the eight stages of psychosocial developmental learning
Erik Homberger Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort, Germany
Read the slide….
Known for his theory of psychosocial development learning
Teacher and student of arts at Vienna University in which he studied Psychoanalysis
In 1933 he came to the U.S. and became Boston’s first child analyst and obtained a position at the Harvard Medical School.
Published “Childhood and Society” in 1950
10 years at the Austen Riggs Center- worked with emotionally troubled young people.
In 1968 Published Identity: Youth and Crisis

5. What are the eight stages of developmental learning?
Infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust
Early Childhood: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Preschool: Initiative vs. Guilt
School Age: Industry vs. Inferiority
1. Infancy: Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. The opposite will create mistrust. An important even is “Feeding”.
2. Development of personal control over physical skills. Independence. Failure leads to the opposite.
3. Children focus on control and power over the environment. A sense of purpose. Too much power will lead to disapproval resulting in guilt.
4. Social and academic demands. Success leads to competence and failure leads to inferiority.

6. What are the eight stages of developmental learning?
Adolescence: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Middle Adulthood: Generativity vs. Stagnation
8. Maturity: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
5. Develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to staying true to yourself while failure leads to role confusion.
6. Form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
7. Adults create or nurture things that will outlast them for example children. Create a positive change that will benefit others. Success leads to feeling of usefulness and accomplishment while failure results in shallow involvement.
8. Older adults look back in life and feel sense of fulfillment. Success leads to a feeling of wisdom while failure results in regret, bitterness.

7. Intended Audience
Middle School students in the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage focused on ages of
1) Middle School students that are on the border line of failing or who failed previous year semester or quarters. Students that had previous behavior problems or were on a behavioral plan or that are currently in one. The focus is on academics and behavior.
2) Counselors and Team Leaders (Teachers) will attack the intended audience with the assistance of Erik Erikson’s eight stages of developmental learning and several activities including the activities included in this presentation.

8. Middle Section: Relationship Activity – Getting to know one another
Two Truths and a Lie
Go around the group and have everyone say two true statements about themselves and one false. The rest of the group has to guess which one is false. If participants find it hard to think on the spot, give them index cards and let them write it down. Then, toss the cards into the middle of the circle so you have to guess who the person is and what is false. You may be surprised. You can learn some crazy things about each other!
1) 5-10 minutes for the exercise. The activity focuses on communication and building a trust within team members. Information is disclosed and opens the floor for communication skills. This falls under the Intimacy vs. Isolation psychosocial developmental learning stage.

9. Examples of a psychosocial developmental learning stage
Trust vs. Mistrust
Infant being fed meeting basic needs.
Infant crying for basic needs.
This stage occurs between birth and approximately 18 months of age. According to Erikson, the trust versus mistrust stage is the most important period in a person’s life. Because an infant is entirely dependent upon his or her caregivers, the quality of care that the child receives plays an important role in the shaping of the child’s personality.
Photo on the left: Demonstrates when needs are consistently met, the child will learn that he can trust the people that are caring for him. If child develops trust he will feel safe and secure in the world.
Photo on the right: Demonstrates needs not consistently met and the child begins to mistrust the people around him. If unsuccessful child will feel mistrust, fear, and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable.

10. Examples of a psychosocial developmental learning stage
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
A child fluently placing pieces of a puzzle together.
A child frustrated at not being able to put Lego's together.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt is the second stage. This stage occurs between the ages of 18 months to approximately age two to three. The primary at this stage is for children to focus on self control. Examples are toilet training, learning to control one’s body functions.
Photo on the Left: Demonstrates the control to learn a new toy/game and feeling confident in doing so. Succeeding in this stage leads to feeling secure and confident.
Photo to the Right: If the student experiences failure a sense of shame or doubt is present.

11. Examples of a psychosocial developmental learning stage
Initiative vs. Guilt
Five year old exploring environment.
Five year old bullying others using force to attract attention.
Initiative vs. Guilt is the third stage and it occurs during the preschool years, ages three to five. During this stage children begin to assert their power and control over the world through direct play and social interactions. Play and imagination takes on an important role at this stage.
Photo to the left: Child explores environment and takes control over is own activities and accomplishing tasks/challenges. Success leads to a sense of purpose, freedom and self-worth.
Photo to the Right: Caregivers who are discouraging or dismissive may cause children to feel ashamed of themselves and to become overly dependent upon the help of others. If failure in allowing a child to explore happens a child will feel guilty and embarrassment.

12. Examples of a psychosocial developmental learning stage
Industry vs. Inferiority
Children faces with academic challenges.
Child faces academic failures and obstacles.
Industry vs. Inferiority is the fourth stage targeted at the ages of six through eleven. At this stage school and social interaction is important for a child’s life. Through social interactions children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities.
Photo to the left: If a child is encouraged and commended by their parents they can master new skills. A child faces social and academic challenges and success leads to competence.
Photo to the Right: Those children that receive no encouragement from parents, teachers or peers will doubt their abilities. A child experiencing failure in social and academic environment will feel insecure and out of place.
According to Erikson, this stage is vital in the development of self-confidence. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.

13. Examples of a psychosocial developmental learning stage
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Teen socializing and developing personal identity.
Teen being the outcast and having a role confusion.
Identity vs. Role Confusion is the fifth stage and it is the stage where adolescence between the ages of approximately 12 to 18.
As they make the transition from childhood to adulthood, teens may begin to feel confused or insecure about themselves and how they fit in to society.
Photo on the left: At this stage young adults are faced with the challenge of socialization. If teens receive the proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration they will be comfortable in their own skin. This will cause teens to feel welcomed, appreciated and purposeful.
Photo on the right: Young adult feels left out due to a lack of skill in socialization. Young adults at this stage attempt to find themselves and if no support is present a teen can feel out of place, lost, forgotten and confused. This is a crucial stage as teens learn the skill of socialization and communication. If a teen/young adult at this stage fails to properly identify themselves they will have a hard time doing so in the following stages of development.

14. Examples of a psychosocial developmental learning stage
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Marriage a strong relationship requires selflessness.
Selfish actions at this stage result in isolation.
Intimacy vs. Isolation is the sixth stage and focuses on the ages of 19 thru 40. During this period of time, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, living relationships with other people.
One thing to remember is that psychosocial theory is often presented as a series of neatly defined, sequential steps, it is important to remember that each stage contribute to the next.
Photo to the left: Erikson believes that having a fully formed sense of self is essential to being able to form intimate relationships. Young adults learn to form loving, strong relationships that lead to other great relationships.
Photo to the Right: Studies have demonstrated that those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation loneliness, and depression. Selfish acts and failure of forming strong relationships lead to isolation and loneliness.

15. Examples of a psychosocial developmental learning stage
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Adulthood and parenthood.
Parental failure in adulthood.
Generativist versus Stagnation is the seventh stage and it takes place during the middle adulthood between the ages of approximately 40 and 65.
During this time, adults strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them; often by having children or contributing to positive changes that benefits other people. Contributing to society and dong things to benefit future generations are important needs at the generativity versus stagnation stage of development.
Photo on the Left: Generativity refers to “making your mark” on the world, through caring for others, creating things and accomplishing things that make the world a better place.
Photo to the Right: Stagnation refers to the failure to contribute. Individuals feels disconnected or uninvolved with their community and with society as a whole. Those who fail to attain this skill feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.

16. Examples of a psychosocial developmental learning stage
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Older adult reflect on accomplishments of life.
Older adult reflect on failures of life.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair is he eight stage and occurs during late adulthood from age 65 though the end of life.
During this period of time, people reflect back on the life they have lived and come away with either a sense of fulfillment from a life well lived or a sense of fulfillment from a life well lived or a sense of regret and despair over a life misspent.
Photo to the left: Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death.
Photo to the Right: Those who are unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. This individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair. Adult reflect on life and regret, bitterness and despair. Failure takes place and depression can take place.

17. Teamwork Activity Relationship Buildup
Human Knot
Everyone stands in a circle and puts their right hand into the middle. They clasp hands with someone across the circle. Then, everyone puts their left hand into the middle of the circle and clasps the hand of a *different* person. The group is now in a “knot”. The object is for the group to untangle itself without releasing anyone’s hand.
1) minute exercise that will get the blood flowing and allow the findings of teamwork. Great exercise as it will be challenging if communication is not clear. This is part of building strong relationships and relates to Erik Erikson’s Intimacy vs. Isolation psychosocial developmental learning stage.

18. Conclusion: Erik Erickson
Erik Erickson was able to use the eight stages mentioned above effectively as a psychological guide for developmental learning in the education setting.
As individuals in the field of education and technology we are able to use Erickson’s theory and apply that knowledge to any instructional package whether it is in K-12 or higher education.

19. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Erikson
osocial_summary.htm
resources/DECA-teambuildinggames.pdf
/history/erikson.htm#Theory
The references above are related to Erik Erikson Eight Stages of Developmental Learning.