Causes of the 1054 split of the Christian (Western and Eastern Church) The Great Schism Causes of the 1054 split of the Christian (Western and Eastern Church)

Early Christianity Possibly as for the 1st century CE Christians were a sect of Judaism Church centres on the concept that Jesus was God’s son and was sent to earth, was crucified and then ascended into heaven

Today Three Main branches of Christianity Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Protestants

Byzantine Empire

Tension Rises Diocletian divides the empire into two Eastern (Constantinople) and Western (Rome) 730 CE Byzantine Emperor Leo III banned the use of icons, Why? What is an icon? Religious images that can be prayed to. Statue of the Virgin Mary Jesus Christ on the cross They appear in several forms; in mural painting, mosaic and most typically painted on small wooded panels.

Norman Invasion Around 1020, the Normans (or Vikings) invaded the Southern half of Italy. Pope Leo IX of Rome tried to defeat the Normans but lost. The Normans captured the Pope and began closing down churches in the Southern half of Italy, which was controlled by the Byzantine Empire.

Tension Rises The Byzantine churches spoke Greek and had different customs than the Roman church. The Normans made the churches they conquered use Latin rituals. Emperor in the east made the Latin churches over there use Eastern customs.

The Division Eastern churches did not like how the Pope of Rome claimed himself to be the head of the Christian church. The Eastern church believed the patriarch (bishop) of Constantinople should be the head. In 1054, the Western Church added the filioque to their creed which included the “Holy Spirit” in the Christian Trinity. Καὶ εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, τὸ κύριον, τὸ ζῳοποιόν, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον (And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, from the Father proceeding). Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum, et vivificantem: qui ex Patre Filioque procedit (And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, and giver of life, who from the Father and the Son proceeds).

Divisive Solution In 1054, Pope Leo IX of Rome and the Patriarch/Bishop of Constantinople decided to excommunicate each other. Excommunication a person is not allowed to receive sacraments and have no hope of entering heaven, according to Christian beliefs. Bogomilism was dualistic in nature -- that is, its followers believed that both good and evil forces created the universe. Bogomils believed that the material world was created by the devil, and they therefore condemned all activities that brought mankind into close contact with matter, including eating meat, drinking wine, and marriage.

Creation of Orthodox Christianity The result of the 1054 Schism -- division between the Roman and Eastern Orthodox Church. Orthodox means dedication to the traditional faith. The Eastern church believed they followed traditional Christian beliefs unlike the Roman church they viewed Roman Church as greedy and too close to Judaism. 16th century — The term "Roman Catholic" is not generally used until the Protestant Reformation, and some historians see the Council of Trent (1545-1563) as a centralizing movement within Catholicism that enhanced the authority of Rome. Michael Cerularius

Eastern Orthodox Beliefs Eastern Orthodox Christians are not considered Apostolic (key word “apostle) because they don’t follow the divinity of St. Peter. They do not recognize the supremacy of the Pope. The two churches have never gotten back together but did reconcile their differences in the 1900s. JOINT CATHOLIC-ORTHODOX DECLARATION OF HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI AND THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCH ATHENAGORAS I DECEMBER 7, 1965