Chapter 3.2 Migration

Why People Migrate 1. People’s movement from one place or region to another is called migration. 2. Immigrants are people who move into one country from another. 3. In the years from , more than 30 million Europeans moved to live in the U.S. 4. Since 1971, more than 4.5 million people have migrated here from Mexico. 5. More than 2.5 million from the Caribbean Islands.

6. Since 1971, Central America, the Philippines, China, and Vietnam have all contributed more than 1 million people to the U.S. 7. More than 800,000 immigrants have come from both South Korea and India.

Voluntary Migration in the Past 1. Voluntary migration is the movement of people by their own choice. 2. The push-pull theory says that people migrate because difficulties “push” them to leave. 3. At the same time, the hope for a better life “pulls” them to leave. 4. This theory explains the great Irish migration in the 1840’s and 1850’s million people left Ireland for the U.S.

6. What pushed so many Irish people to come to America? Answer, disease destroyed Ireland’s main crop – the potato. 7. Hunger pushed people to migrate and job opportunities pulled Irish families to the U.S.

Voluntary Migration Today 1. In countries such as Vietnam and Central American areas, people migrate due to few jobs and poverty in their countries. 2. Wars have made life dangerous and difficult as well. 3. In China, Vietnam, and Cuba, governments limit people’s freedom. 4. These problems push people to leave. 5. Good jobs and political freedom pulls people to move into an area.

Involuntary Migration 1. Sometimes, people are forced to move. 2. Examples: During the 1800’s, Britain sent prisoners to Australia to serve their sentences of their various crimes. War also forces people to migrate to escape death or serious danger.

The Transatlantic Slave Trade 1. This was the biggest involuntary migration in history. 2. From the 1500’s to the 1800’s, millions of Africans were enslaved and taken against their will to European colonies in North and South America. 3. First descendants of slaves lived on the east coast. 4. As cotton farming expanded westward so did slavery.

Urbanization 1. The movement of people to cities and the growth of cities is called urbanization. 2. In the 1800’s, the growth of industries pulled the people from the countryside to the cities. 3. Since the 1950’s, urbanization has given way in Europe and North America to suburbanization, or the movement of people to growing suburbs. 4. Suburbs have increased, transportation is required pollution increases, home ownership is the purpose.

Urbanization on Other Continents 1. Asia, Africa, and in Latin America, people are moving to the cities for a better life. 2. In the past, most Indonesians lived in rural areas, or areas in the countryside. 3. Recently, more and more Indonesians have moved to urban areas, or areas in cities and nearby towns. 4. Problems can occur in fast growth such as: less jobs, schools, hospitals, services. 5. Country living can also feel the same in less jobs, shortage of land.

6. People are always looking for jobs, modern houses, and good schools. Above all, most want better lives for their children.