Chapter 5 Entering the Social World

Erikson PBasic Trust vs. Mistrust PAutonomy vs. Shame/Doubt PInitiative vs. Guilt

Growth of Attachment PGradual growth PMothers/children calibrate PFather attachment

Forms of Attachment PSecureP Resistant P Avoidant P Disorganized

Attachment Lays Foundation PSecure more interpersonally responsive less critical more did things together with others interacted better with peers had more friends P Disorganized abnormal levels of hostility

What If Mother Works? 1/3 cared for in home by father/grandparent 1/3 cared for in provider’s home (often relative) 1/3 cared for in day care/nursery school

Consequences PIf mother is sensitive (e.g. provides quality time) NO discernible impact PIf mother is not sensitive (e.g. less responsive, poor child care facility) Insecure attachment develops

What To Look For: PLow-ratio of children to caregiver PWell-trained staff PAmple opportunities for educational &social stimulation PEffective communication b/w parents & day care workers

Basic Emotions PSocial smiles (another human face) emerges around 2 months joined by laughter around 4 months psychologically stimulated laughter xmom - dad acting silly PFear emerges around 6 months PStranger anxiety

Basic Emotions Cont. PComplex emotions (15-18 months) shame pride PSocial referencing social situation look for cues from mom/dad

Play: The Business of Childhood PParallel play: plays alone but watches others PSimple play: plays w/ similar activities as others but smiles at another PCooperative play: plays with a theme/children have roles

Play Cont. PMake believe PGender differences PParental influence PLearning to cooperate

Pro Social Behavior P Empathy vs. Sympathy P Altruism (costs) P Feelings of responsibility P Feelings of competence P Mood

Images of Men & Women PStereotypes females: verbal ability - social influence males: math - spatial ability - aggression PGender typing PGender identity PEvolving gender roles