Chapter 6 LEARNING Section 1: Classical Conditioning HOLT Psychology 4/23/2017 Chapter 6 LEARNING Section 1: Classical Conditioning Section 2: Operant Conditioning Chapter 6

Classical Conditioning Chapter 6 Classical Conditioning When you see this word what comes to mind.. “SASQUATCH” Jack’s Link Beef Jerky is associated with Sasquatch

HOLT Psychology 4/23/2017 Chapter 6 LEARNING Chapter 6

Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning? Section 1: Classical Conditioning Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning? PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls forth the response that is usually called forth by another stimulus This occurs when the two stimuli have been associated with each other

The Office & Classical Conditioning Chapter 6 The Office & Classical Conditioning

Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning? Section 1: Classical Conditioning Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning? IMPORTANT TERMS Terms that are important in understanding classical conditioning: Unconditioned stimulus (US) – a stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned Unconditioned response (UR) – the response that is automatic, not learned

Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning? Section 1: Classical Conditioning Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning? IMPORTANT TERMS (continued) Conditioned Response (CR) – a learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response

UCS – What naturally causes the stimulation? (FOOD) Chapter 6 Pavlov UCS – What naturally causes the stimulation? (FOOD) UCR –What naturally responds to the stimulation? (SALIVATION)

CS – What stimulus now causes a response? Chapter 6 Pavlov CS – What stimulus now causes a response? This is now learned? (TUNING FORK) CR – How does it respond to the new, conditioned stimulus? (SALIVATION)

Chapter 6 PAVLOV

CC in the Real World (Application) Chapter 6 CC in the Real World (Application) Advertisements Marlboro Man – association with rugged man Bikini Model and a Beer – association with beer and girl Da Da Da Da Daaaa….I’m Lovin It!

Stores use Classical Conditioning Chapter 6 Stores use Classical Conditioning UCS (music - popular tune) UCR (positive emotion)   CS (product) + UCS (popular tune) --> UCR (positive emotion)     CS (product) --> CR (positive emotion)  

Chapter 6 Baby Albert

Question: How are the principles of operant conditioning applied? Section 2: Operant Conditioning Question: How are the principles of operant conditioning applied? APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERANT CONDITIONING Offering of rewards – being positively reinforced Shaping – a way of teaching complex behaviors in which one first reinforces small steps in the right direction

Edward Thorndike’s Law of Effect Chapter 6 Edward Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Question: How are the principles of operant conditioning applied? Section 2: Operant Conditioning Question: How are the principles of operant conditioning applied? APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERANT CONDITIONING (continued) Programmed Learning – assumes that any task can be broken down into small steps that can be shaped individually and combined to form the more complicated whole Classroom discipline – using principles of learning to change classroom behavior

Chapter 6 Skinner - OC

Chapter 6 OC Positive Reinforcement – increase a behavior (smile, money, “I appreciate you”) Negative Reinforcement – removing an aversive stimulus (removing the chimes by putting on your seatbelt)

Primary Reinforcement– meets a biological need (air/food/water) Chapter 6 OC Primary Reinforcement– meets a biological need (air/food/water) Secondary –reinforcers that are learned (money, good grades)

Chapter 6 Skinner

Question: What are the cognitive factors in learning? Section 3: Cognitive Factors in Learning Question: What are the cognitive factors in learning? COGNITIVE FACTORS IN LEARNING Latent learning – learning that remains hidden until it is needed Observational learning – acquiring knowledge and skills by observing and imitating others

Chapter 6 Bo-Bo Doll Experiment

Chapter 6 Cognitive Maps

Chapter 6 Cognitive Maps

Question: What are the steps of the PQ4R method of learning? Section 4: The PQ4R Method: Learning to Learn Question: What are the steps of the PQ4R method of learning? STEPS OF THE PQ4R METHOD OF LEARNING PREVIEW – getting a general picture of what is covered before reading a chapter QUESTION – something in particular that we want to learn READ – reading the material with the purpose of finding answers REFLECT – an important way to understand and remember the material read