Tuesday, March 10 th Bell Work: Please pick up your notebooks and King’s Bay Letter Template from the back table. Take a few minutes to copy down the EQ and WOD and then read over the letter. Add your own personal comments to the letter and complete the bottom section. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.1

Daily Agenda: Bell Work: King’s Bay Cleanup WOD  indulgent Video Clip: Feudalism Lecture: Medieval Europe Reflective Summary Essential Question: What is the relationship between Manorialism and Feudalism? Homework: Read review packet and complete reading questions. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4

03/10/15 Block 1 Write down 2 sentences using the word indulgent. Click Click Word 1 st

Chapter 16 The Two Worlds of Christendom 6©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Essential Questions: Between CE did Europe undergo a Dark Age, Middle Age, or Medieval Period? What institutions dominated Europe form CE? Why? What is feudalism? What is Manorialism? How were the experiences of Eastern and Western Europe alike and different during the Medieval Era? Medieval Europe

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Europe Reunites The Frankish kingdom (modern- day France) was first established by Clovis after his conversion to Christianity. In the 730s, Charles Martel begins the Carolingian Dynasty and drives back the Muslims at the Battle of Tours 768 CE – Charlemagne begins expansion of Frankish kingdom 800 CE – Charlemagne crowned “Holy Roman Emperor”

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Fall of the Carolingian Dynasty

The Norse Invasions A Germanic tribe from Scandinavia, began a period of exploration, trade, raiding, and settlement from the late 700s until the 1000s. What would cause a peaceful farming and fishing people to do this? Primogeniture  All inheritance to the first born son. “To go a-Viking”  Raiding and pillaging Eventually, they assimilated into the cultures they had conquered

What was today’s word of the day?

Power of the Medieval Church: The most important power in Medieval Europe was the Catholic Church, the one institution that remained throughout the age. Popes often crowned kings and influenced their rule The church maintained a hierarchical infrastructure that helped in maintain strong control over the populace

Role of the Church: Why would so many people be drawn to Catholicism? Monasteries offered a refuge from the Feudal system and provided services to society. Monasteries served as: hospitals, schools, inns, and publication centers. Investiture Controversy – Pope Gregory vs. Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor) in a battle over appointing Bishops. Why would rulers fear a pope? Excommunication  denying a follower access to the Holy Sacraments Interdict  denying sacraments to an entire people

Population Growth Peace Stability More food  Climate change  3 field crop rotation  New technology Wind/air power Iron  Carruca Horse inventions The population in Europe nearly doubled between 1000CE and 1300CE.

Food/Drink Bread  Staple of diet Vegetables Cheese Fruits Meats Ale and Wine  Water was dirty Often times bread was dark, hard and heavy because of the ingredients used: barley, wheat, rye, etc.

Revival of Trade Trade fairs Creation of coins  Money economy  Led to the development of capitalism Widowed women would take over businesses

Still remember the word of the day?

City Life Crowded  Tall structures  Fire risk Eww!  Dirty  Smelly  Ugly

Industry and Guilds Business associations Apprentice  First learner  Age 10  Not paid Journeymen  Practiced learner  Age  Paid  Desire to become Master

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University  Latin meaning “corporation” First university  Bologna, Italy  1158CE established a charter Royalty/Popes thought it honorable to start universities Rise of Universities Bologna, Italy

Lecture = “to read” Liberal arts  Grammar, logic, math, music, astronomy Exam when applied for a degree  Bachelor’s of Arts (4-6 years)  Master’s of Arts (6-10 years)  Doctor of Philosophy (10+ years) Curricula As professors read aloud from the textbooks they often added their own commentary about the work.

Attempted to reconcile faith and reason Saint Thomas Aquinas  Summa Theologica  Posed question, offered opposition, reconciled then offered his explanation Scholasticism Many Christian philosophers were upset by Aristotle’s works because he arrived at conclusions through reason and logic not by faith.

Vernacular: language of everyday speech in a region Troubadour poetry  Nobles/Knights  Woman made him better Chanson de geste  Heroic epic  Song of Roland Vernacular Literature

11-12 th century Two types of roofs:  Long, round stone arch vault (barrel vault)  Cross vault (2 barrel vaults) Features  Roofs were heavy  Walls were big and heavy  Limited window space Architecture: Romanesque

Two innovations:  Ribbed vault with pointed arches for a roof  Flying buttress (outside support) Stained glass windows Architecture: Gothic

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