1. Ch. 4 Sec. 2 Medieval Culture

2. Flowering of Medieval Culture due to : Expansion of trade and commerce Rise of wealthy class/bourgeoisie Importance of education and the arts

3. Importance of Religion Cathedrals built to glorify god, art and the people Took years to complete Expensive to build Dominated the skyline and life in towns and cities

4. Architectural Types: Romanesque –Early 1000’s –Influenced by Roman architecture –Rounded arches and domed roof –Outside walls thick –Small windows Gothic –1050 - 1300 –Tall, light, airy –Flying butress support weight of the roof –Walls thin, higher and windowed –Tall arches

5. RomanesqueGothic

7. Literature: Vernacular –Languages of the regions developed British, German, Scandinavia based on German France, Italian, Spain strongly influenced by Latin Troubadours spread the use of vernacular languages –Chanson de geste or a long narrative poem ‘Song of Roland’

8. Fables: humorous poems mocking nobles Dante ‘Divine Comedy’ (Dante and Virgil talk to great historical figures such as Homer about Hell, Purgatory and Heaven) written in Italian vernacular so it could be read by many G. Chaucer ‘Canterbury Tales’, talks about lives of ordinary people!

9. Centers of Learning: Churches, monastaries, Cathedrals Towns attracted scholars –Universities: group of scholars and students –Eventually came under the control of the church –Had to obtain official charters –Often officials were members of the church

10. Student interests protected Excluded women Trained for positions in the church and universities Few comforts, cold, few manuscripts

12. Revival of Classical Knowledge Roman Law Aristotle’s system of knowledge relied on ‘reason’. This conflicted with the teachings of the church which were based on faith. ‘Scholasticism’ – used reason and logic to support Christian beliefs. –Thomas Aquinas - ability to reason was a gift of God ; if differences exist its caused by mistaken reasoning.

13. Science and Technology Church was the authority, no scientific reasoning Arabic numerals, lead to new mathematics Plow windmill, clock flying butress, glass Roger Bacon: noted importance of experiments

14. Medieval Medicine Relied on folk medicine Traditional remedies Superstition Christian beliefs Evil spirits pilgrimages