1. WarmUp #6 Explain feudalism. What is a fief? Who is a vassal? Explain the cause of the Hundred Years’ War. Who is the hero, who turned the tide of the Hundred Years’ War?

2. Art & Scholarship in the Middle Ages

3. Birth of Universities grew out of guilds –producing trained/educated individuals 1 st European University: Italy –Liberal Arts: rhetoric, grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy teachers lectured: – no exams until graduated: 4-6 years after liberal arts: –could specialize…in theology, law, medicine, etc.

4. Scholasticism Scholasticism: faith & reason joined –with the rediscovery of Greek/Arab/Indian thinkers from the ancient world, scholars tried to reconcile secular knowledge with the Church’s teachings Thomas Aquinas: monk who reconciled the teachings of Aristotle with the Church –2 kinds of knowledge: reason & faith

5. Thomas Aquinas

6. Vernacular Literature Latin: main language…of the Church, school, government, trade, etc. vernacular: language of everyday speech in a particular area –passed on by troubadours & minstrels –Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales written in English story of characters taking a pilgrimage to Canterbury –Dante Alighieri: The Divine Comedy written in Italian describes the soul’s journey into the afterlife –Heaven = Paradiso, Purgatory = Purgatorio, Hell = Inferno songs/poetry about stories of knights, ladies etc. heroic epics

7. Architecture at first built in Romanesque style: flat roof, small windows, thick walls & rounded arches

8. Gothic Cathedral 12 th Century: Gothic style: pointed arches, ribbed vaults to make building higher & upward movement Gothic architecture used flying buttresses to support the weight of roof & wall thin walls = huge stained glass windows

9. Arches