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The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages
Chapter 9 The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages
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Timeline
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Land and People in the High Middle Ages
Population Growth Increased security Agricultural production rises The New Agriculture Improved climate More arable land Technological improvements Carruca (heavy wheeled plow) New horse collar Power of water and air harnessed Three field-system Higher food prices Free peasants
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Life of the Peasantry Activities determined by the seasons
Religious Feast Days and the Church Lifestyle Wooden cottage Limited privacy Women Simple but nutritious diet Ale and the consumption of alcohol
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The Aristocracy of the High Middle Ages
Aristocracy: Kings, dukes, counts, barons, viscounts, bishops and archbishops Held extensive lands and power Men of War Warriors and the church Peace of God, Truce of God, Crusades Castles Aristocratic Women Childhood Powerful women The Way of the Warrior Training Chivalry Tournaments
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Marriage Patterns of the Aristocracy
The Politics of Marriage Men married in their thirties, women in their mid-teens Divorce and Annulment
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The New World of Trade and Cities
The Revival of Trade Italian Cities Ties with the Byzantine Empire Flanders Wool trade Fairs of Champagne Emergence of Money Economy
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Map 9.1: Medieval Trade Routes
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The Growth of Cities Revival of trade leads to growth of cities
Many new cities and towns founded beginning in tenth century City dwellers need freedom not serfdom Charters of Liberties City Government City Council Regulations City Size
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Fortified City of Carcassone – Southern France
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Life & Industry in the Medieval City
Life in the Medieval City Surrounded by stone walls and prone to fire Artisans and merchants Unpleasant environment Dirty Public Baths Women Industry in Medieval Cities Manufacturing Guilds Apprentices, journeymen and masters
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The Intellectual and Artistic World of the High Middle Ages
The Rise of Universities Educational Guilds Early Universities First University in Bologna – Law (c. 1158) University of Paris (c. 1200) Oxford and Cambridge ( ) Liberal Arts Curriculum Trivium Quadrivium Lectures and Books Exams Bachelor of Arts Master of Arts Advanced degrees in law, medicine or theology Violence
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Map 9.2: Intellectual Centers of Medieval Europe
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Cambridge University - England
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Classical Antiquity & Scholasticism
A Revival of Classical Antiquity Interest in the work of Greeks and Romans Greek science and philosophy The role of the Muslim world Translations Commentaries The Development of Scholasticism Theology – “Queen of the Sciences” Reconciliation of faith and reason Abelard (1079 – 1142) Realists and nominalists Aristotle and Christianity Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 1274) Summa Theologica
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The Revival of Roman Law
Rediscovery of the Corpus Iuris Civilis Pavia and Bologna Appeal of Roman Law Development of European Legal System
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Literature in the High Middle Ages
Latin Vernacular Literature Troubadour poetry Chanson de Geste The Song of Roland (c. 1100) The Courtly Romance
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Romanesque Architecture: “A White Mantle of Churches”
Explosion of Building Romanesque Style Rectangular basilicas Vaults Massive walls
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Entrance to Saint Madeleine in Vézelay A Romanesque Church
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Il Duomo, Florence’s Romanesque Cathedral
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Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel – Normandy
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The Gothic Cathedral Ribbed Vaults and Pointed Arches Flying Buttress
Stained Glass Saint Denis (c – c. 1150) Communal Project
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Bayeaux Cathedral in Normandy – A Gothic Church
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The Gothic basilica at Assisi - Italy
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Discussion Questions What were some of the factors that contributed to the revival of European society after the year 1000? What role did chivalry play in the lifestyle of the aristocracy? Why were Italian cities like Venice so important in the revival of trade? How did medieval universities originate? What is meant by scholasticism? What led to the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture?
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Web Links What was it Really Like to Live in the Middle Ages?
Medieval English Towns Knighthood, Chivalry and Tournaments Resource Library The Medieval Technology Pages Listening to Medieval Music The Abbey of Mont-St. Michel Images of Medieval Art and Architecture Medieval Universities
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