1. Europe Begins to Bounce Back New styles in Architecture Commercial Revolution The nature of guilds and trade unions Economic Revival Educational Revival

2. Do Now What do you think this building was used for? What makes this building stand out? What is unique about it?

3. Gothic Architecture The master builders in France, where Gothic Style originated, developed techniques of structural engineering that were key in Gothic Style. 1. ribbed vaults that supported the roofs weight 2. flying buttresses that transferred weight to thick exterior walls. 3. pointed arches that framed thick stain glass windows. 4. tall spires that seemed to point toward heaven

6. Commercial Revolution Three field system – allowed more food – population growth Trade begins to increase as people move to the towns and cities. Rise of the merchant class Helps dissolve the feudal system even further.

9. Revival of Learning Rediscovery of Greek and Roman Knowledge – Muslim influence – Cultural Diffusion Vernacular – everyday language (English, German, French rather than Latin) Brings literature to the masses Thomas Aquinas combines Greek Philosophy and Christian beliefs