nomen mihi est _________ Latin 3 Honors Spring Semester Exam Review May 2011 Stages 28-34

1. Name the parts of speech and define each. Noun – names of things Pronoun – takes the place of a noun Adjective – defines a noun or pronoun Adverb – describes the action of a verb Verb – shows action or state of being Preposition – expresses relationship between 2 nouns Conjunction – joins two sentences or phrases Interjection – an exclamation

2. Name the 5 noun cases and the uses of each Nominative - subject, PN, PA Genitive - shows possession Dative - indirect object Accusative - direct object Ablative - special uses

3. How do you find the stem of a Latin noun? Drop the GENITIVE SINGULAR ending

4. How do you tell the declension to which a noun belongs? Look at the GENITIVE SINGULAR 1st = -ae 4th = -us 2nd = -i 5th = -ei 3rd = -is

5. What are the 1st declension noun endings. puella. puellae puellae 5. What are the 1st declension noun endings? puella puellae puellae puellarum puellae puellis puellam puellas puellā puellis

6. What are the 2nd declension noun endings? amicus(puer,vir) amici amici amicorum amico amicis amicum amicos

7. What are the 3rd declension noun endings? mater matres matris matrum matri matribus matrem matres matre matribus

8. How can you recognize a masculine, feminine, neuter noun in the 5 declensions? masculine 1st declension: P*A*I*N words 2nd declension: -us, -er, -ir in nominative singular 4th declension: -us in nominative, except domus, manus, etc. 5th declension: almost all are feminine except dies feminine 1st declension: almost all except P*A*I*N words 4th declension: domus, manus neuter 2nd declension: -um in nominative singular 3rd declension: -e, -al (mare, animal) 4th declension: -u in nominative (3rd declension is more difficult to tell)

9. State the “overriding” rule of neuter nouns. Neuter nouns always have the same spelling in the nominative and accusative cases. Neuter nouns always end in “-a” in the nominative and accusative plurals.

Decline a 4th Declension Noun Masculine portus portūs portūs portuum portuī portibus portum portūs portū portibus

Decline a 4th Declension Noun Neuter cornu cornua cornūs cornuum cornū cornibus cornū cornua

4th declension nouns ending in -u in the nominative are neuter. 11. What are some fine points to remember about the 4th Declension Nouns? Most –us 4th declension nouns are masculine, except for feminine nouns domus and manus. Most masculine nouns in 4th declension are made from the fourth principal parts of verbs. 4th declension nouns ending in -u in the nominative are neuter.

12. Decline a 5th Declension Noun diēs diēs diēi diērum diēi diēbus diem diēs diē diēbus

13. What are some fine points to remember about 5th declension nouns? All 5th declension nouns are feminine except for dies and its compounds There are no neuter nouns in the 5th declension. There are no adjectives in the 5th declension.

14. Pay special attention to: dative indirect object Quintus rosam Metellae dedit. dative of advantage Metella Felici togam invenit. dative object of special verbs Caecilius Holconio favit.

15. In what ways do Latin nouns and the adjectives which modify them agree? Adjectives and the nouns they modify always agree in gender, number, and case. The endings may not have the same spelling, but they are from the same gender, number and case locations on the endings charts.

16. What are the singular 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings? masculine feminine neuter malus mala malum mali malae mali malo malae malo malum malam malum malo mala malo

17. What are the Plural 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings? masculine feminine neuter mali malae mala malorum malarum malorum malis malis malis malos malas mala

18. Decline a 3rd Declension Adjective singular celer celeris celere celeris celeris celeris celeri celeri celeri celerem celerem celere celeri celeri celeri

18. Decline a 3rd Declension Adjective plural celeres celeres celeria celerium celerium celerium celeribus celeribus celeribus

19. What are the 3 degrees of adjectives [and adverbs]? positive happy comparative happier superlative happiest

clarior, clarius clearer 20. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees. clarus,-a,-um clear clarior, clarius clearer clarissimus,-a,-um (1st & 2nd Declension) clearest

celer, celeris, celere swift celerior, celerius swifter 21. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees. celer, celeris, celere swift celerior, celerius swifter celerrimus,-a,-um (3rd Declension) swiftest

22. How is a 1st & 2nd declension adjective made into an adverb? find the stem and add “e” clarus: clare pulcher: pulchre

bonus melior optimus malus peior pessimus magnus maior maximus 23. Give examples of irregular adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees. bonus melior optimus good better best malus peior pessimus bad worse worst magnus maior maximus great, large greater, larger greatest, largest parvus peius minimus small smaller smallest

24. How is a 3rd declension adjective made into an adverb? find the stem and add “ter” or “iter” celer: celeriter acer: acriter

clarissime most clearly 25. Give an example and translation of a regular adverb in the 3 degrees. clare clearly clarius more clearly clarissime most clearly

26. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees. (positive degree ends in “r”) celeriter swiftly celerius more swiftly celerrime most swiftly

27. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees. (stem changes) magne greatly maius more greatly maxime very greatly

porto portare portavi portatus 28. Write the principal parts of porto, name the principal parts, find and name the stems, and show which tenses can be formed onto each stem. present present perfect perf. pass indicative infinitive indicative participle porto portare portavi portatus present perfect imperfect

29. How do you recognize the conjugation to which a verb belongs? Conjugation 1st Prin. Pt 2nd Prin. Pt 1st …………… -o ……. -are 2nd …………… -eo ……. -ēre 3rd ………….. -o ……. -ere 3rd ………….... -io .……. -ere 4th……………. -io ……. -ire

(see next 4 slides for close-ups) 30. Write the principal parts of the following verbs: porto, video, duco, capio, audio porto portare portavi portatum video videre vidi visum duco ducere duxi ductum capio capere cepi captum audio audire audivi auditum (see next 4 slides for close-ups)

present indicative (column 1) porto video duco capio audio

present infinitive (column 2) portare videre ducere capere audire

perfect indicative (column 3) portavi vidi duxi cepi audivi

perfect passive participle(column 4) portatus,-a,-um visus,-a,-um ductus,-a,-um captus,-a,-um auditus,-a,-um

porto portare portavi portatum video videre vidi visum (Review of last 4 slides) 31. Write the principal parts of the following verbs:porto, video, duco, capio, audio porto portare portavi portatum video videre vidi visum duco ducere duxi ductum capio capere cepi captum audio audire audivi auditum

32. How do you recognize the present tense? verb looks more like the 1st principal part present stem + regular personal endings

33. Write the regular active personal endings o,m- I mus - WE s - YOU tis - Y’ALL t - HE, she, it nt - THEY

A verb and its subject agree in person and number 34. What do you have to remember about the agreement between verbs and their subjects? A verb and its subject agree in person and number

35. How do you translate the present tense (porto)? I carry I am carrying I do carry

singular plural 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 36. Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense: porto, video, duco, capio, audio singular plural 1st person 2nd person 3rd person (see next 5 slides for conjugations)

porto I carry 1st Conjugation porto portamus portas portatis portat portant

video I see 2nd Conjugation video videmus vides videtis videt vident

duco I lead 3rd Conjugation duco ducimus ducis ducitis ducit ducunt

capio I take 3rd io Conjugation capio capimus capis capitis capit capiunt

audio I hear 4th Conjugation audio audimus audis auditis audit audiunt

sum, esse, fui - possum, posse, potui - volo, velle, volui - 37. Give the principal parts of the irregular verbs: sum, possum, volo, eo, and fero. sum, esse, fui - possum, posse, potui - volo, velle, volui - eo, ire, ii(ivi), itum fero, ferre, tuli, latum

See the following 5 slides 38. Conjugate the irregular verbs in the present tense. sum possum volo eo fero See the following 5 slides

sum I am sum sumus es estis est sunt

possum I am able possum possumus potes potestis potest possunt

volo volumus vis vultis vult volunt volo I wish volo volumus vis vultis vult volunt

eo I go eo imus is itis it eunt

fero ferimus fers fertis fert ferunt fero I bear, bring fero ferimus fers fertis fert ferunt

39. How do you recognize the imperfect tense? “ba” just before the ending (=present stem + “ba” + personal endings)

40. How do you translate the imperfect tense (portabam)? I was carrying I used to carry I kept on carrying

41. Give examples of imperfect tense verbs. ambulabam – I was walking portabamus – we were carrying videbat - he was seeing ducebant – they were leading capiebas – you ware taking audiebatis – you all were hearing

42. Conjugate sum in the imperfect tense. eram - I was eramus - we were eras - you were eratis - y’all were erat - he was erant - they were

43. How do you recognize the perfect tense? perfect stem any one of the perfect endings

44. Write the perfect personal endings. i -I imus - we isti -you istis-y’all it-he,she,it ērunt -they

45. How do you translate the perfect tense (portavi)? I carried I have carried I did carry

46. Give the perfect tense forms of several regular and irregular verbs. Use the third person singular. porto --- portavit video ---vidit duco --- duxit capio ---cepit audio --- audivit sum --- fuit possum --- potuit volo --- voluit eo --- iit (ivit) fero --- tulit

47. Define: Active Voice – subject does the action of the verb Passive voice – subject receives the action of the verb

48. Give the Passive Personal Endings. -r. -mur. -ris -mini 48. Give the Passive Personal Endings. -r -mur -ris -mini -tur -ntur Which tenses use these endings? Present, Imperfect, Future only

49. What is the major difference between active and passive Latin verb forms in the present, imperfect, and future tenses? *The use of either the active personal endings or the passive personal endings makes these verbs either active or passive. *There are a few stem vowel changes, such as in the Future tense of 1st and 2nd conjugations, 2nd person singular: Vocaberis, moneberis

50. Conjugate porto in the present passive (indicative) tense. portor portamur portaris portamini portatur portantur

51. Conjugate porto in the imperfect passive (indicative) tense. portabar portabamur portabaris portabamini portabatur portabantur

52. Conjugate porto in the future passive (indicative) tense. portabor portabimur portaberis portabimini portabitur portabuntur

Perfect Passive Participle + a form of sum: 53. How is the passive voice formed in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses? Perfect Passive Participle + a form of sum: Perfect Tense = PPP + sum in the present tense Pluperfect Tense = PPP + sum in the imperfect tense Future Perfect Tense = PPP + sum in the future tense

54. Conjugate porto in the Perfect Passive (indicative), with English portatus sum portati sumus I have been carried we have been carried portatus es portati estis you have been carried you all have been carried portatus est portati sunt he has been carried they have been carried

portatus eram portati eramus portatus eras portati eratis 55. Conjugate porto in the Pluperfect Passive (Indicative ) with English portatus eram portati eramus I had been carried we had been carried portatus eras portati eratis you had been carried you all had been carried portatus erat portati erant he had been carried they had been carried

portatus ero portati erimus portatus eris portati eritis 56. Conjugate porto in the Future Perfect Passive (Indicative) with English. portatus ero portati erimus I shall have been carried we shall have been carried portatus eris portati eritis you will have been carried ya’ll will have been carried portatus erit portati erunt he will have been carried they will have been carried

57. What are deponent verbs? Give some examples and translations. Deponent verbs are passive in form, but active in meaning. A deponent verb can be recognized in the vocabulary by its –or ending in the 1st principal part.

It is a verbal that is translated using “to” plus the verb meaning 58. What is an infinitive? It is a verbal that is translated using “to” plus the verb meaning

*As a verb, it has tense & voice; it may take an object, and it may be 59. What is a participle? *A participle is an adjective made from a verb, retaining attributes of both. *As a verb, it has tense & voice; it may take an object, and it may be modified by adverbs. *As an adjective, it has gender, number and case, even degree, and it modifies a noun or substantive.

portantem – accusative, as with other cases carrying, while carrying 60. How do you recognize the Present Active Participle? What are the possible translations? Present stem of the verb with “-ns” or “-nt” + 3rd declension endings portans – nominative portantem – accusative, as with other cases carrying, while carrying

61. Decline the present active participle of the verb porto. (neuter) portans portantes (portantia) portantis portantium portanti portantibus portantem portantes (portantia) portante portantibus

portatus – having been carried 62. How do you recognize the Perfect Passive Participle? How do you translate it? The perfect passive participle is the 4th principal part of a verb. There are no special signals for this one. 1st & 2nd declension endings are used. (Deponent verbs do not have a perfect passive participle – they have a perfect Active participle, which is their third and last principal part.) portatus – having been carried

portaturus – about to carry 63. How do you recognize the Future Active Participle? How do you translate it? The future active participle is the perfect passive participle “stretched”: participial stem + “=ur” plus 1st and 2nd declension endings. portaturus – about to carry

Portandus – to be carried It is also called the gerundive. 64. How do you recognize the Future Passive Participle? How do you translate it? By what other name is it called? The future passive participle has the present stem of the verb plus “-nd” and 1st and 2nd declension endings. Portandus – to be carried It is also called the gerundive. By what other name is it called?

The gerundive is the future passive participle. 65. What is the Gerundive? The gerundive is the future passive participle.

It denotes necessity or obligation 66. What is the Passive Periphrastic? Give an example and translate it. Include the Dative of Agent. Passive periphrastic is the gerundive (future passive participle) + a form of sum. It denotes necessity or obligation portandum est – It has to be carried Dative of Agent – who does the action mihi portandum est – It has to be carried by me. (I have to carry it.)

67. What is the ablative absolute? Give examples and translations. An ablative absolute is a Latin phrase that is loosely connected to its sentence, giving “background” information. It may be set off by commas, and does not modify any other word in the sentence. The two primary words of the construction are in the ablative case. Noun and participle: arcu dedicato, with the arch having been dedicated Two nouns: Cogidubno rege, with Cogidubnus the king Noun and adjective: populi irati, with the people angry

Present infinitive with final “-e” changed to ‘=i” 68. How is the Present Passive Infinitive formed? Give an example from each conjugation. Present infinitive with final “-e” changed to ‘=i” portare (to carry) becomes portari (to be carried) For third conjugation, the “=ere” is changed to “-i” mittere ( to send) becomes mitti (to be sent) See following slide for examples in each conjugation

68. Examples in each conjugation 1st conjugation – portare becomes portari 2nd conjugation – videre becomes videri 3rd conjugation – ducere becomes duci 3rd io conjugation – capere becomes capi 4th conjugation – audire becomes audiri

69. Notice the subjunctive verb forms. Present portet ** videat, ducat, audiat Imperfect portaret (present infinitive +endings) Pluperfect portavisset (perfect stem + isse + endings) Future Perfect portaverit ** ** not covered before stage 35 in the Cambridge series

See next slide for examples Look over the subjunctive clauses: Purpose Result Indirect Question Indirect Command Cum Circumstantial See next slide for examples

70. Subjunctive Clauses Purpose amici ad urbem ambulant ut spectaculum viderent. Salvius Memorem misit qui regem interficeret. Result tam peritus erat tibicen ut omnes eum laudarent. Indirect Question Romani nesciebant quot hostes manerent. Indirect Command senex deam Sulem oravit ut morbum sanaret. Cum Circumstantial (cum meaning “when”) fur, cum amuletum e fonte extraxisset, attonitus erat.

71. What is a preposition? A preposition indicates the relative position between its object and another noun in the sentence.

72. What two cases do the Latin prepositions govern? accusative ablative

ad - toward trans - across post - behind ante - in front of 73. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs. + the Accusative: ad - toward trans - across post - behind ante - in front of

List the Accusative Constructions and give an example of each. Duration of time: tres horas ambulaverunt. Place to which: domum redierunt.

ab - away from e,ex - out of cum - with + the Ablative: 75. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs. + the Ablative: ab - away from e,ex - out of cum - with

76. List the Ablative Constructions and give an example of each. Means (What is used to carry out the action of the verb.) Salvius pugione vulneratus est. Manner (How the action of the verb was carried out.) Cephalus venenum magnā cum curā paravit. Accompaniment (Who was with whom.) Cogidubnus cum Salvio dicebat. Time (When something happened) Quintus in Londinio quarto die pervenit. Agent (Who carried out the action of a passive verb.) cena a Grumione cocta est.

in -in into sub - under up under 77. Distinguish between in + the ablative case and in + the accusative case + the Ablative & Accusative: at rest motion in -in into sub - under up under

78. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person 78. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English meaning of each Latin word. see next slides

nom. ego - I nos - we acc. me - me nos - us 79. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English meaning of each Latin word. singular plural nom. ego - I nos - we gen. mei - of me nostrum, nostri - of us dat. mihi - to/for me nobis - to/for us acc. me - me nos - us abl. me - by/with me nobis - by/with us

80. the personal pronoun in 2ndperson.. singular plural nom. tu - you vos - you gen. tui - of you vestrum, vestri - of you dat. tibi - to/for you vobis - to/for you acc. te - you vos - you abl. te - by/with you vobis - by/with you

81. 3rd person personal pronoun singular is ea id eius eius eius ei ei ei eum eam id eo ea eo

81. 3rd person personal pronoun plural ei eae ea eorum earum eorum eis eis eis eos eas ea eis eis eis

82. Decline hic, and give the English hic haec hoc hi hae haec huius huius huius horum harum horum huic huic huic his his his hunc hanc hoc hos has haec hoc hāc hoc his his his This

83. Decline ille, and give the English ille illa illud illi illae illa illius illius illius illorum illarum illorum illi illi illi illis illis illis illum illam illud illos illas illa illo illā illo illis illis illis That

84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne, num, nonne…etc -que - and et - and sed- but tamen - nevertheless autem – however

84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne, num, nonne…etc igitur – therefore postquam - afterwards, after -ne =a ?-mark num - expects a “no” answer nonne - expects a “yes” answer

quis - who quot - how many quid - what cui - to whom 85. Know the “?-words”. quis, quid, ubi, quo, unde, quando, quot, cui, quocum, cur, etc... quis - who quot - how many quid - what cui - to whom ubi - where, when cur - why quo - to where quando - when unde- from where quocum - with whom

86. Be able to recognize and translate the vocative case noun. Marcus: Marce filius: fili Caecilius: Caecili meus: mi

87. Be able to recognize and translate the imperative mood verb. voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum voca! call! vocate! you all call!

(87. Negative Commands) nolo in the imperative mood + infinitive of the action = do not wish (to___ ) Singular: noli dicere Plural: nolite dicere

88. Remember the special forms: placet + dative case placetne tibi 88. Remember the special forms: placet + dative case placetne tibi? - que pueri puellaeque

89. Please gather up your old vocabulary pages and worksheet pages 89. Please gather up your old vocabulary pages and worksheet pages. Study the meanings of the Latin words and the English words derived from them.

Make a list of the characters you have met since stages 28 through 34 and write few notes about each.

91. Look over the culture information in the worksheet packets.

92. Study the culture topics: Archeological and Literary Evidence Inscriptions Origins of Rome Roman Forum Masada Roman Engineering City of Rome Roman Society Roman Beliefs Roman Entertainment Freedmen and Freedwomen

93. Practice translating the stories in stage 34 93. Practice translating the stories in stage 34. You will have to translate on the final exam.

Fortunam bonam habeas! ---Magistra