2. nomen mihi est _________ Latin 2 Spring Semester Exam Review May 2011 Stages 18-21

3. 1. Name the parts of speech and define each. Noun – names of things Pronoun – takes the place of a noun Adjective – defines a noun or pronoun Adverb – describes the action of a verb Verb – shows action or state of being Preposition – expresses relationship between 2 nouns Conjunction – joins two sentences or phrases Interjection – an exclamation

4. 2. Name the 5 noun cases and the uses of each Nominative - subject, PN, PA Genitive - shows possession Dative - indirect object Accusative - direct object Ablative - special uses

5. 3. How do you find the stem of a Latin noun? Drop the GENITIVE SINGULAR ending

6. 4. How do you tell the declension to which a noun belongs? Look at the GENITIVE SINGULAR 1st = ae 2nd = i 3rd = is

7. 5. What are the 1st declension noun endings? puellapuellae puellaepuellarum puellaepuellis puellampuellas puella puellis

8. 6. What are the 2nd declension noun endings? amicus(puer,vir)amici amici amicorum amicoamicis amicumamicos amicoamicis

9. 7. What are the 3rd declension noun endings? matermatres matrismatrum matrimatribus matremmatres matrematribus

10. 8. Pay special attention to: dative indirect object Quintus rosam Metellae dedit. dative of advantage Metella Felici togam invenit. dative object of special verbs Caecilius Holconio favit.

11. 9. In what ways do Latin nouns and the adjectives which modify them agree? Adjectives and the nouns they modify always agree in gender, number, and case. The endings may not have the same spelling, but they are from the same gender, number and case locations on the endings charts.

12. 10. What are the singular 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings? singular masculine feminine neuter malusmalamalum malimalaemali malomalaemalo malummalammalum malomalamalo

13. 11. What are the Plural 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings? plural masculine feminine neuter malimalaemala malorummalarummalorum malismalismalis malosmalasmala malismalismalis

14. 12. Decline a 3 rd Declension Adjective singular celer celeris celere celeris celeris celeris celeri celeri celeri celerem celerem celere celeri celeri celeri

15. 12. Decline a 3 rd Declension Adjective plural celeres celeres celeria celerium celerium celerium celeribus celeribus celeribus celeres celeres celeria celeribus celeribus celeribus

16. 13. What are the 3 degrees of adjectives [and adverbs]? positive happy comparative happier superlative happiest

17. 14. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees. clarus,-a,-um clear clarior, clarius clearer clarissimus,-a,-um (1st & 2nd Declension) clearest

18. 15. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees. celer, celeris, celere swift celerior, celerius swifter celerrimus,-a,-um (3rd Declension) swiftest

19. 16. How is a 1st & 2nd declension adjective made into an adverb? find the stem and add “e” clarus: clare pulcher: pulchre

20. 17. Give examples of irregular adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees. bonus melior optimus good better best malus peior pessimus bad worse worst magnus maior maximus great, large greater, larger greatest, largest parvus peius minimus smallsmallersmallest

21. 18. How is a 3rd declension adjective made into an adverb? find the stem and add “ter” or “iter” celer: celeriter acer: acriter

22. 19. Give an example and translation of a regular adverb in the 3 degrees. clare clearly clarius more clearly clarissime most clearly

23. 20. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees. (positive degree ends in “r”) celeriter swiftly celerius more swiftly celerrime most swiftly

24. 21. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees. (stem changes) magne greatly maius more greatly maxime very greatly

25. 22. Write the principal parts of porto, name the principal parts, find and name the stems, and show which tenses can be formed onto each stem. present present perfect perf. pass indicativeinfinitive indicative participle porto portare portavi portatus presentperfect imperfect

26. 23. How do you recognize the conjugation to which a verb belongs? Conjugation1 st Prin. Pt 2 nd Prin. Pt 1 st o are 2 nd eo ēre 3 rd o ere 3 rd ioio ere 4 th ioire-

27. 24. Write the principal parts of the following verbs: porto, video, duco, capio, audio portoportare portavi portatum videovidere vidi visum ducoducere duxi ductum capiocapere cepi captum audioaudire audivi auditum (see next 4 slides for close-ups)

28. present indicative (column 1) porto video duco capio audio

29. present infinitive (column 2) portare videre ducere capere audire

30. perfect indicative (column 3) portavi vidi duxi cepi audivi

31. perfect passive participle(column 4) portatus,-a,-um visus,-a,-um ductus,-a,-um captus,-a,-um auditus,-a,-um

32. (Review of last 4 slides) 25. Write the principal parts of the following verbs:porto, video, duco, capio, audio portoportare portavi portatum videovidere vidi visum ducoducere duxi ductum capiocapere cepi captum audioaudire audivi auditum

33. 26. How do you recognize the present tense? verb looks more like the 1st principal part present stem + regular personal endings

34. 27. Write the regular active personal endings o,m - I mus - WE s - YOU tis - Y’ALL t - HE, she, it nt - THEY

35. 28. What do you have to remember about the agreement between verbs and their subjects? A verb and its subject agree in person and number

36. 29. How do you translate the present tense (porto)? I carry I am carrying I do carry

37. 30. Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense: porto, video, duco, capio, audio singularplural 1st person 2nd person 3rd person See following slides for conjugations

38. porto I carry 1 st Conjugation porto portamus portas portatis portat portant

39. video I see 2 nd Conjugation videovidemus videsvidetis videtvident

40. duco I lead 3 rd Conjugation ducoducimus ducisducitis ducitducunt

41. capio I take 3 rd io Conjugation capiocapimus capiscapitis capitcapiunt

42. audio I hear 4 th Conjugation audioaudimus audisauditis auditaudiunt

43. 31. Give the principal parts of the irregular verbs: sum, possum, volo, eo, and fero. sum, esse, fui - possum, posse, potui - volo, velle, volui - eo, ire, ii(ivi), itum fero, ferre, tuli, latum

44. 32. Conjugate the irregular verbs in the present tense. sum possum volo eo fero See the following slides

45. sum I am sum sumus es estis est sunt

46. possum I am able possumpossumus potes potestis potest possunt

47. volo I wish volovolumus visvultis vultvolunt

48. eo I go eoimus isitis iteunt

49. fero I bear, bring fero ferimus fers fertis fert ferunt

50. 33. How do you recognize the imperfect tense? “ba” just before the ending (=present stem + “ba” + personal endings)

51. 34. How do you translate the imperfect tense (portabam)? I was carrying I used to carry I kept on carrying

52. 35. Give examples of imperfect tense verbs. ambulabam portabamus videbat ducebant capiebas audiebatis

53. 36. Conjugate sum in the imperfect tense. eram - I was eramus - we were eras - you were eratis - y’all were erat - he was erant - they were

54. 37. How do you recognize the perfect tense? perfect stem any one of the perfect endings

55. 38. Write the perfect personal endings. i -I imus - we isti -you istis -y’all it -he,she,it erunt -they

56. 39. How do you translate the perfect tense (portavi)? I carried I have carried I did carry

57. 39a. Give the perfect tense forms of several regular and irregular verbs. Use the third person singular. porto --- portavit video ---vidit duco --- duxit capio ---cepit audio --- audivit sum --- fuit possum --- potuit volo --- voluit eo --- iit (ivit) fero --- tulit

58. 40. What is an infinitive? It is a verbal that is translated using “to” plus the verb meaning The infinitive in Latin can be used to complete the meaning of a verb; it can be the subject or object of a verb. ambulare amo. ambulare possum. ambulare est bonum.

59. 41. What is a preposition? A preposition indicates the relative position between its object and another noun in the sentence.

60. 42. What two cases do the Latin prepositions govern? accusative ablative

61. 43. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs. + the Accusative: ad - toward trans - across post - behind ante - in front of

62. 44. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs. + the Ablative: ab - away from e,ex - out of cum - with

63. 45. Distinguish between in + the ablative case and in + the accusative case + the Ablative & Accusative: at restmotion in -in into sub - under up under

64. 46. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English meaning of each Latin word. see next slides

65. 47. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English meaning of each Latin word. singular plural nom. ego - I nos - we gen. mei - of me nostrum, nostri - of us dat. mihi - to/for me nobis - to/for us acc. me - me nos - us abl. me - by/with me nobis - by/with us

66. 48. the personal pronoun in 2nd person.. singular plural nom. tu - you vos - you gen. tui - of you vestrum, vestri - of you dat. tibi - to/for you vobis - to/for you acc. te - you vos - you abl. te - by/with you vobis - by/with you

67. 49. 3rd person personal pronoun singular is ea id eius eius eius ei ei ei eum eam id eoea eo

68. ….49. 3rd person personal pronoun plural ei eae ea eorum earum eorum eis eis eis eos eas ea eiseis eis

69. 50. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne, num, nonne…etc -que - and et - and sed- but autem - however tamen - nevertheless

70. …50. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne, num, nonne…etc postquam - afterwards, after -ne =a ?-mark num - expects a “no” answer nonne - expects a “yes” answer igitur - therefore

71. 51. Know the “?-words”. quis, quid, ubi, quo, unde, quando, quot, cui, quocum, cur, etc... quis - whoquot - how many quid - whatcui - to whom ubi - where, whencur - why quo - to wherequando - when unde- from where quocum - with whom

72. 52. Be able to recognize and translate the vocative case noun. Marcus: Marce filius: fili Caecilius: Caecili meus: mi

73. 53. Be able to recognize and translate the imperative mood verb. voco, voca re, vocavi, vocatum voca! call! vocate! you all call !

74. (54. Negative Commands) nolo in the imperative mood + infinitive of the action = do not wish (to____) Singular: noli dicere Plural: nolite dicere

75. 54. Remember the special forms: placet + dative case placetne tibi? - que pueri puellaeque

76. 55. State the “overriding” rule of neuter nouns. Neuter nouns always have the same spelling in the nominative and accusative cases. Neuter nouns always end in “-a” in the nominative and accusative plurals.

77. 56. How can you recognize a neuter noun in the 2 nd declension? In the second declension, nouns that end in “-um” in the nominative singular are neuter.

78. 57. Decline a 4 th Declension Noun Masculine portusportūs portūsportuum portuīportibus portumportūs portūportibus

79. …57. Decline a 4 th Declension Noun Neuter cornucornua cornūscornuum cornūcornibus cornūcornua cornūcornibus

80. 58. What are some fine points to remember about the 4 th Declension Nouns? Most –us 4 th declension nouns are masculine, except for feminine nouns domus and manus. Most masculine nouns in 4 th declension are made from the fourth principal parts of verbs. 4 th declension nouns ending in -u in the nominative are neuter.

81. 59. Decline a 5 th Declension Noun diēsdiēs diēidiērum diēidiēbus diemdiēs diēdiēbus

82. 60. What are some fine points to remember about 5 th declension nouns? All 5 th declension nouns are feminine except for dies and its compounds There are no neuter nouns in the 5 th declension. There are no adjectives in the 5 th declension.

83. 61. Decline hic, and give the English hic haec hoc hi hae haec huius huius huius horum harum horum huic huic huic his his his hunc hanc hoc hos has haec hoc hāc hoc his his his This

84. 62. Decline ille, and give the English ille illa illud illi illae illa illius illius illius illorum illarum illorum illi illi illi illis illis illis illum illam illud illos illas illa illo illā illo illis illis illis That

85. 63. What is a participle? *A participle is an adjective made from a verb, retaining attributes of both. *As a verb, it has tense & voice; it may take an object, and it may be modified by adverbs. *As an adjective, it has gender, number and case, even degree, and it modifies a noun or substantive.

86. 64. How do you recognize the Present Active Participle? What are the possible translations? Present stem of the verb with “-ns” or “-nt” + 3 rd declension endings portans – nominative portantem – accusative, as with other cases carrying, while carrying

87. 65. Decline the present active participle of the verb porto. (neuter) portansportantes (portantia) portantisportantium portantiportantibus portantemportantes (portantia) portanteportantibus

88. 66. How do you recognize the Perfect Passive Participle? How do you translate it? The perfect passive participle is the 4 th principal part of a verb. There are no special signals for this one. 1 st & 2 nd declension endings are used. (Deponent verbs do not have a perfect passive participle – they have a perfect Active participle, which is their third and last principal part.) portatus – having been carried

89. 67. Please gather up your old vocabulary pages and worksheet pages. Study the meanings of the Latin words and the English words derived from them.

90. 68. Make a list of the characters you have met since stage 18 through stage 21 and write few notes about each.

91. 69.Look over the culture information in the worksheet packets for stages 18-24.

92. 70. Study the culture topics: Glassmaking Egypt Egyptian goddess Isis Medicine and Science Aquae Sulis Roman Money Greek Vases

93. 71. Practice translating the stories in stage 21. You will have to translate on the final exam.

94. Fortunam bonam habeas! ---Magistra