1. Personal pronouns

2. Pronoun-a word used to take the place of a noun
Personal Pronouns
Pronoun-a word used to take the place of a noun
= the preceding noun which the pronoun replaces
Antecedent
EXAMPLE: Marcus carefully hid the money
You will not find it without care.
money.

3. Many pronouns have antecedents, words which come before the pronoun to which the pronoun refers. A pronoun and its antecedent must agree in number and gender (in Latin).
Consider these sentences:
Wally Walrus has a lovely pool. Freddy Frog jumped into his pool.
(The antecedent of the pronoun his is Wally.)
When Tom Turtle saw what a nice pool it was, he decided to toddle over. (The antecedent of it is pool.)
When Wally Walrus saw them, he was very happy. (The antecedent of the pronoun them is Freddy Frog and Tom Turtle.)

4. CASE - shows the pronoun’s function in the sentence
As with Latin nouns, personal pronouns have:
CASE - shows the pronoun’s function in the
sentence
NUMBER - singular or plural
GENDER – masculine, feminine, or neuter
N.B. 1st and 2nd person pronouns
DO NOT have neuter gender.
Why not?
ANSWER

5. Since the 1st person pronoun is “I” or “we”
and the 2nd person pronoun is “you”,
people will not be neuter gender

6. What are the personal pronouns?
English Latin
1st person s. I ego
2nd person s. You tu
3rd person s.
Masculine he is
Feminine she ea
Neuter it id
1st person pl. We nos
2nd person pl. You vos
3rd person pl. They ei [m]
eae [f]
ea [ n]

7. How do they decline? Person Number Case 1 2 3 [m] 3[f] 3[n] English I
You He
She It
Singular
Nom.
ego tu is ea id
Gen.
mei
tui
eius
Dat.
mihi
tibi ei
Acc. me te
eum
eam
Abl. eo
Plural
nos
vos
eae
nostrum/nostri
vestrum/vestri
eorum
earum
nobis
vobis
eis
eos
eas

8. What case do I use? Pronouns agree with their antecedents in: BUT…
Gender
Number
BUT…
Case comes from the use in the clause
For example:
The farmer works in the fields daily. I often see him.
The noun “farmer” is the antecedent of “him”, therefore you need masculine singular,
“him” is the direct object, so you use the accusative case.
The correct Latin form is eum.

9. Remember: Not all pronouns have antecedents, For example:
Marcus was walking with us. [“us has no antecedent]
You are I will be friends forever. [neither “you” nor “I” has an antecedent]

10. Ok. Your turn… determine the correct Latin form
Does the girl like him? Answer
Where is her mother? Answer
Will you please go with me? Answer
Flavia has a surprise for you [s.]. Answer
He and I work well together. Answer

11. a direct object and needs to be accusative
Eum
Because “him” is:
3rd person, singular
masculine
a direct object and needs to be accusative
BACK

12. possessive and needs to be genitive
Eius
Because “her” is:
3rd person, singular
feminine
possessive and needs to be genitive
BACK

13. mecum
Because “me” is:
1st person, singular
masculine [always assume masc. gender if you do not know]
object of preposition “with”and needs to be ablative BACK

14. an indirect object and needs to be dative
tibi
Because “to you” is:
2nd person, singular
masculine
an indirect object and needs to be dative
BACK

15. Ego et Is
Because “he” is:
3rd person, singular
Masculine
“I” is
1st person, singular
masculine
they are subjects and need to be nominative

16. Great work Now, let’s look at a compounded form of
is, ea, id which is an adjective meaning,
“the same”

17. idem, eadem, idem [the same]
This adjective meaning “the same” declines like is, ea, id, but adds the –dem suffix
This suffix causes a few slight spelling changes to make the resulting word easier to say:
The acc. singular and genitive plural forms of is,ea,id end with the letter –“m”; the –“m”, changes to –“n”.
Acc. s. eundem, eandem, idem
Gen. pl. eorundem, earundem, eorundem

18. The Paradigm SINGULAR M F N NOMINATIVE idem eadem idem
GENITIVE          eiusdem    eiusdem    eiusdem
DATIVE              eidem         eidem         eidem
ACCUSATIVE   eundem     eandem      idem
ABLATIVE         eodem         eadem       eodem
                                    PLURAL
NOMINATIVE   eidem         eaedem        eadem
GENITIVE          eorundem     earundem    eorundem
DATIVE              eisdem          eisdem          eisdem
ACCUSATIVE   eosdem          easdem        eadem
ABLATIVE         eisdem          eisdem          eisdem
eidem pueri- the same boys [nom. plural]
eandem puellam- the same girl [acc. singular]