1. Review for OLC 1 Final Wednesday, June 8: Multiple Choice Test on Vocabulary from Chapters 9-16. Review the vocabulary in the book for chapters 9-16. Thursday, June 9: Final Exam on endings, charts, translation, some culture (culture is MC). Study the review sheet thoroughly. One goal is to have learned and be able to use the endings of the first three declensions. Let’s start the review… (next slide, please) IN GENERAL, review the REFERENCE GRAMMAR in the back of the book. (Pages 145-149.)

2. Review for OLC 1 Final LATIN CASES  FUNCTION(S) / USES of the CASES Translations to be added NOMINATIVE GENITIVE DATIVE ACCUSATIVE ABLATIVE VOCATIVE 1. Give the functions (uses) of each case and special translations where applicable.

3. Review for OLC 1 Final LATIN CASES  FUNCTION(S) / USES of the CASES Translations to be added NOMINATIVE 1. Subject of the verb, 2. Complement with a linking verb --- GENITIVE1.Possession, 2. whenever: “of” of, ’s, s’ DATIVE1.Indirect Object 2.Dative after a compound verb (to/for) ACCUSATIVE 1. Direct Object of the Verb 2. Object of Motion Towards ---- ABLATIVE 1. Accompaniment (with), 2. Object of Motion Away From (from) 3. Means or Manner (by, with) 4. Place Where (in, under) 5. Whenever you have WFBI With, From, By, In VOCATIVEDirect Address----- [Hey, yo! O!] 1. Give the functions (uses) of each case and special translations where applicable.

4. Review for OLC 1 Final LATIN CASES  ENGLISH TRANSLATION, with bug as an example (singular) ENGLISH TRANSLATION, with bugs as an example (PLURAL) NOMINATIVE GENITIVE DATIVE ACCUSATIVE ABLATIVE VOCATIVE 2. Give a translation of the English word “bug”

5. Review for OLC 1 Final LATIN CASES  ENGLISH TRANSLATION, with bug as an example (singular) ENGLISH TRANSLATION, with bugs as an example (PLURAL) NOMINATIVE (the/a) bug(the) bugs GENITIVEof (the/a) bug, (the/a) bug’s of (the) bugs, (the) bugs’ DATIVE[to/for] (the/a) bug[to/for] (the) bugs ACCUSATIVE (the/a) bug(the) bugs ABLATIVEWFBI (the/a) bugWFBI (the) bugs VOCATIVE[Hey, yo! O!] bug (!)[Hey, yo! O!] bugs (!) 2. Give a translation of the English word “bug”

6. Review for OLC 1 Final 2. Give the endings for 1 st and 2 nd Declension adjectives (which are identical to most noun endings of these declensional patterns): Case / #Masc.Fem.NeuterExamples of 1 st -2 nd declension adjectives…give the meanings Nom S-us (er, ius)-a-umclārus, -a, -um = Gen Scommōtus, -a, -um = Dat Slaetus, -a, -um = Acc SGraecus, -a, -um = Abl Smortuus, -a, -um = Voc Snovus, -a, -um = Nom Plperīculōsus, -a, -um = Gen Plpulcher, -chra, -chrum = Dat Pltantus, -a, -um = Acc Plbonus, -a, -um = Abl Plsōlus, -a, -um = Voc Plmalus, -a, -um =

7. Review for OLC 1 Final 2. Give the endings for 1 st and 2 nd Declension adjectives (which are identical to most noun endings of these declensional patterns): Case / #Masc.Fem.NeuterExamples of 1 st -2 nd declension adjectives…give the meanings Nom S-us (er, ius)-a-umclārus, -a, -um = bright, clear, famous Gen S-ī-ae- īcommōtus, -a, -um = moved Dat S- ō-ae- ōlaetus, -a, -um = happy Acc S-um-am-umGraecus, -a, -um = Greek Abl S- ō-ā- ōmortuus, -a, -um = dead Voc S-e (er, ī)- a-umnovus, -a, -um = new Nom Pl- ī-ae-aperīculōsus, -a, -um = dangerous Gen Pl- ōrum- ārum- ōrumpulcher, -chra, -chrum = beautiful Dat Pl- īs tantus, -a, -um = so great Acc Pl- ōs- ās-abonus, -a, -um = good Abl Pl- īs sōlus, -a, -um = alone, only Voc Pl- ī-ae-amalus, -a, -um = bad

8. Review for OLC 1 Final 4. Give the endings for the 3 rd declension: (1) Masculine & Feminine + (2) Neuter endings SINGULARPLURAL No m GenDatAccAblVocNomGenDatAccAblVoc (1) 3 rd Declension Masc. & Fem. varies (2) 3 rd Declension NEUTER varies

9. Review for OLC 1 Final 4. Give the endings for the 3 rd declension: (1) Masculine & Feminine + (2) Neuter endings SINGULARPLURAL No m GenDatAccAblVocNomGenDatAccAblVoc (1) 3 rd Declension Masc. & Fem. varies -is-ī-em-e = Nom S -ēs-um- ibus -ēs- ibus -ēs (2) 3 rd Declension NEUTER varies -is-ī = Nom S -e = Nom S -a-um- ibus -a- ibus -a

10. Review for OLC 1 Final 5. Decline the adjective fractus, a, um “broken” in agreement with the noun pēs, pedis M. “foot” & translate: CASE/NUMBERLATIN FORMS1 ENGLISH Translation Nominative Sing pēs fractus (a/the) broken foot Genitive Sing pedis fractī of (a/the) broken foot, the broken foot’s Dative Singular Accusative Sing Ablative Sing Vocative Sing Nominative Plural Genitive Plural Dative Plural Accusative Plural Ablative Plural Vocative Plural

11. Review for OLC 1 Final 5. Decline the adjective fractus, a, um “broken” in agreement with the noun pēs, pedis M. “foot” & translate: CASE/NUMBERLATIN FORMS1 ENGLISH Translation Nominative Sing pēs fractus (a/the) broken foot Genitive Sing pedis fractī of (a/the) broken foot, the broken foot’s Dative Singular pedī fractō [to/for] (a/the) broken foot Accusative Sing pedem fractum (a/the) broken foot Ablative Sing pede fractō with, from, by, in (a/the) broken foot Vocative Sing pēs fracte [O!/Hey!] broken foot Nominative Plural pedēs fractī (the) broken feet Genitive Plural pedum fractōrum of (the) broken feet, the broken feet’s Dative Plural pedibus fractibus [to/for] (the) broken feet Accusative Plural pedēs fractōs (the) broken feet Ablative Plural pedibus fractibus with, from, by, in (the) broken feet Vocative Plural pedēs fractī [O!/Hey!] broken feet

12. Review for OLC 1 Final 6. All regular verbs do use the same endings. Different types of verbs are organized into patterns called conjugations, but they only vary in the vowel before the endings. Compare the different types and their patterns: 1 st Conjugation 2 nd Conjugation 3 rd Conjugation 3 rd -iō Conj. 4 th Conjugation INFINITIVE -āre-ēre-ere -īre 1 st Person S. 2 nd Person S. 3 rd Person S. 1 st Person Pl. 2 nd Person Pl. 3 rd Person Pl. IMPERATIVE S. -ā IMPERATIVE Pl. -āte

13. Review for OLC 1 Final 6. All regular verbs do use the same endings. Different types of verbs are organized into patterns called conjugations, but they only vary in the vowel before the endings. Compare the different types and their patterns: 1 st Conjugation 2 nd Conjugation 3 rd Conjugation 3 rd -iō Conj. 4 th Conjugation INFINITIVE -āre-ēre-ere -īre 1 st Person S. -ō-eō-ō-iō 2 nd Person S. -ās-ēs-is -īs 3 rd Person S. -at-et-it 1 st Person Pl. -āmus-ēmus-imus -īmus 2 nd Person Pl. -ātis-ētis-itis -ītis 3 rd Person Pl. -ant-ent-unt-iunt IMPERATIVE S. -ā-ē-e -ī IMPERATIVE Pl. -āte-ēte-ite -īte

14. Review for OLC 1 Final Person/Number LATIN FORMS of sum, esse 1 ENGLISH TRANSLATION 1 st Person Singular 2 nd Person Sing 3 rd Person Singular 1 st Person Plural 2 nd Person Plural 3 rd Person Plural INFINITIVE Imperative Sing es / estobe (!) Imperative Plural este / estotebe (!) 7. Conjugate the verb “to be” in the present tense and offer an English translation for each form:

15. Review for OLC 1 Final Person/Number LATIN FORMS of sum, esse 1 ENGLISH TRANSLATION 1 st Person Singular sumI am 2 nd Person Sing esyou are 3 rd Person Singular esthe/she/it is 1 st Person Plural sumuswe are 2 nd Person Plural estisy’all are 3 rd Person Plural suntthey are INFINITIVE esseto be Imperative Sing es / estobe (!) Imperative Plural este / estotebe (!) 7. Conjugate the verb “to be” in the present tense and offer an English translation for each form:

16. Review for OLC 1 Final SINGULARPLURAL NomGenDatAccAblVocNomGenDatAccAblVoc (1) 3 rd Declension Masc. & Fem. (2) 3 rd Declension NEUTER 8. Give the endings for the 3 rd declension i-stem nouns: (1) Masculine & Feminine + (2) Neuter endings. Note that in the ablative singular, the ending –ī is for all 3 rd declension adjectives (and neuter i-stem nouns only)

17. Review for OLC 1 Final SINGULARPLURAL NomGenDatAccAblVocNomGenDatAccAblVoc (1) 3 rd Declension Masc. & Fem. varies -is-ī-em-e / -ī = Nom Sing -ēs-ium-ibus-ēs-ibus-ēs (2) 3 rd Declension NEUTER varies -is-ī = Nom S -e / -ī = Nom Sing -ia-ium-ibus-ia-ibus-ia 8. Give the endings for the 3 rd declension i-stem nouns: (1) Masculine & Feminine + (2) Neuter endings. Note that in the ablative singular, the ending –ī is for all 3 rd declension adjectives (and neuter i-stem nouns only)

18. Review for OLC 1 Final CASE/NUMBERLATIN FORMS1 ENGLISH Translation Nominative Sing Genitive Sing Dative Singular libr ō gracil ī [to/for] (a/the) slender book Accusative Sing Ablative Sing Vocative Sing 9. Decline & translate the 3 rd declension adjective gracilis, gracile “slender” to agree with the noun liber, librī M. “book”:

19. Review for OLC 1 Final CASE/NUMBERLATIN FORMS1 ENGLISH Translation Nominative Sing liber gracilis (a/the) slender book Genitive Sing libr ī gracilis of (a/the) slender book, the slender book’s Dative Singular libr ō gracil ī [to/for] (a/the) slender book Accusative Singlibrum gracilem (a/the) slender book Ablative Sing libr ō gracil ī with, from, by, in (a/the) slender book Vocative Singliber gracilis [O!/Hey!] slender book 9. Decline & translate the 3 rd declension adjective gracilis, gracile “slender” to agree with the noun liber, librī M. “book”:

20. Review for OLC 1 Final Nominative Plural libr ī gracil ē s (the) slender books Genitive Plural Dative Plural Accusative Plural Ablative Plural Vocative Plural

21. Review for OLC 1 Final Nominative Plural libr ī gracil ē s (the) slender books Genitive Plural libr ōrum gracilium of (the) slender books, the slender books’ Dative Plural libr ī s gracilibus [to/for] (the) slender books Accusative Plural libr ōs gracil ē s (the) slender books Ablative Plural libr ī s gracilibus with, from, by, in (the) slender books Vocative Plurallibr ī gracil ē s [O!/Hey!] slender books

22. Review for OLC 1 Final Person/NumberLATIN FORMS of pos sum, posse 1 ENGLISH TRANSLATION 1 st Person Singular 2 nd Person Singular 3 rd Person Singular 1 st Person Plural 2 nd Person Plural 3 rd Person Plural INFINITIVE posseto be able 10. Conjugate the verb “to be able” in the present tense and offer an English translation for each form:

23. Review for OLC 1 Final Person/NumberLATIN FORMS of pos sum, posse 1 ENGLISH TRANSLATION 1 st Person Singular possumI am able 2 nd Person Singular potesyou are able 3 rd Person Singular potest he/she/it is able, it is possible 1 st Person Plural possumuswe are able 2 nd Person Plural potestisy’all are able 3 rd Person Plural possuntthey are able INFINITIVE posseto be able 10. Conjugate the verb “to be able” in the present tense and offer an English translation for each form:

24. Review for OLC 1 Final Person/Number LATINEnglish translation(s) 1 st Person Sing 2 nd Person Sing 3 rd Person Sing 1 st Person Plural 2 nd Person Plural 3 rd Person Plural INFINITIVE velleTo wish, to be willing 11. Give the Latin present of volō, velle, voluī + an English translation

25. Review for OLC 1 Final Person/Number LATINEnglish translation(s) 1 st Person Sing vol ō I wish, am willing, want 2 nd Person Sing vīsvīs you wish, are willing, want 3 rd Person Sing vulthe/she/it wishes, is willing, want 1 st Person Plural volumuswe wish, are willing, want 2 nd Person Plural vultisyou wish, are willing, want 3 rd Person Plural voluntthey wish, are willing, want INFINITIVE velleTo wish, to be willing 11. Give the Latin present of volō, velle, voluī + an English translation

26. Review for OLC 1 Final Person/Number LATINEnglish translation(s) 1 st Person Sing 2 nd Person Sing 3 rd Person Sing 1 st Person Plural 2 nd Person Plural 3 rd Person Plural INFINITIVE Imperative Sing. Imperative Plur. n ō l īte (+ infinitive of a verb) Don’t (verb)! 12. Give the Latin present of nōlō, nōlle, nōluī + an English translation

27. Review for OLC 1 Final Person/Number LATINEnglish translation(s) 1 st Person Sing nōlōnōlō I do not want/wish, am unwilling, refuse 2 nd Person Sing n ō n v ī s you do not want/wish, are unwilling, refuse 3 rd Person Sing n ō n vult he/she/it does not want/wish, is unwilling, refuse 1 st Person Plural n ō lumus we do not want/wish, are unwilling, refuse 2 nd Person Plural n ō n vultis you do not want/wish, are unwilling, refuse 3 rd Person Plural n ō lunt they do not want/wish, are unwilling, refuse INFINITIVE n ō lle to not want, to refuse, to be unwilling Imperative Sing. n ō l ī (+ infinitive of a verb) Don’t (verb)! Imperative Plur. n ō l īte (+ infinitive of a verb) Don’t (verb)! 12. Give the Latin present of nōlō, nōlle, nōluī + an English translation

28. Review for OLC 1 Final dīc =dūc =fac =fer = 13. Give a translation for these irregular singular imperatives in Latin: dīcite =dūcite =facite =ferte =

29. Review for OLC 1 Final dīc = say (!), tell (!)dūc = lead (!)fac = do (!), make (!)fer = bring(!); report (!) 13. Give a translation for these irregular singular imperatives in Latin: dīcite = say (!), tell (!)dūcite = lead (!)facite = do (!), make (!)ferte = bring(!); report (!)

30. Review for OLC 1 Final Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Masculine plural Feminine plural Neuter plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative 14. Give the Latin forms of (1) hic, haec, hoc :

31. Review for OLC 1 Final Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Masculine plural Feminine plural Neuter plural Nominative hic haec hoc hīhī haehaec Genitive huius h ōrum h ā rumh ōrum Dative huic hīshīshīshīshīshīs Accusative hunc hanc hoc hōshōshāshās haec Ablative hōchōc hāchāc hōchōchīshīshīshīshīshīs 14. Give the Latin forms of (1) hic, haec, hoc :

32. Review for OLC 1 Final Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Masculine plural Feminine plural Neuter plural Nominative is ea id Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative 14. Give the Latin forms of (2) is, ea, id

33. Review for OLC 1 Final Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Masculine plural Feminine plural Neuter plural Nominative is ea id eīeī eaeea Genitive eius e ō rume ā rume ō rum Dative eīeī eīeī eīeī e īs Accusative eum eam id e ōs e ās ea Ablative eōeō eāeā eōeō e īs 14. Give the Latin forms of (2) is, ea, id

34. Review for OLC 1 Final 14. Give the Latin forms of (3) ille, illa, illud Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Masculine plural Feminine plural Neuter plural Nominative illeilla illud Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative

35. Review for OLC 1 Final 14. Give the Latin forms of (3) ille, illa, illud Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Masculine plural Feminine plural Neuter plural Nominative illeilla illud ill ī illaeilla Genitive ill ī us ill ō rumill ā rumill ō rum Dative ill ī ill īs Accusative illumillam illud ill ōs ill ās illa Ablative ill ō ill ā ill ō ill īs

36. Review for OLC 1 Final 14. Give the Latin forms of (4) ipse, ipsa, ipsum Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Masculine plural Feminine plural Neuter plural Nominative ipseipsaipsum Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative

37. Review for OLC 1 Final 14. Give the Latin forms of (4) ipse, ipsa, ipsum Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Masculine plural Feminine plural Neuter plural Nominative ipseipsaipsum ips ī ipsaeipsa Genitive ips ī us ips ō rumips ā rumips ō rum Dative ips ī ips īs Accusative ipsumipsamipsum ips ōs ips ās ipsa Ablative ips ō ips ā ips ō ips īs

38. Review for OLC 1 Final CASE/# 1 st Declension2 nd Decl. Masc.2 nd Decl. Neut.3 rd Decl. M./F.3 rd Decl. Neut. Nominative S. ***us/-ius/-er Genitive S. Dative S. Accusative S. Ablative S. ( ) Vocative S. ***-e/-ī/ -er 1. Noun Ending Chart: Fill it in and “learn it by heart” (put 3 rd decl. i-stem endings in parentheses)

39. Review for OLC 1 Final CASE/# 1 st Declension2 nd Decl. Masc.2 nd Decl. Neut.3 rd Decl. M./F.3 rd Decl. Neut. Nominative S. ***us/-ius/-er Genitive S. Dative S. Accusative S. Ablative S. ( ) Vocative S. ***-e/-ī/ -er 1. Noun Ending Chart: Fill it in and “learn it by heart” (put 3 rd decl. i-stem endings in parentheses)

40. Review for OLC 1 Final CASE/ # 1 st Declensi on 2 nd Decl. Masc. 2 nd Decl. Neut. 3 rd Decl. M./F. 3 rd Decl. Neut. Nominative Pl. ( ) Genitive Pl. ( ) Dative Pl. Accusative Pl. ( ) Ablative Pl. Vocative Pl. ( )

41. Review for OLC 1 Final CASE/ # 1 st Declensi on 2 nd Decl. Masc. 2 nd Decl. Neut. 3 rd Decl. M./F. 3 rd Decl. Neut. Nominative Pl. ( ) Genitive Pl. ( ) Dative Pl. Accusative Pl. ( ) Ablative Pl. Vocative Pl. ( )