1. Pronouns and UNUS NAUTA Adjectives
Week 5 Review

2. Pronouns
In Latin, just as in English, Pronouns stand in the place of nouns.
Pronouns in Latin have 3 characteristics: gender, number, and case.
Latin pronouns decline similar to nouns to exhibit their gender, number, and case.
Most Latin pronouns roughly follow the declension pattern, but they also use unique genitive (-ius) and dative singular (-i) endings.
I like to think of this as a separate “Pronoun Declension” that uses declension endings with the addition of the gen. (-ius) and dative sing. (-i).
The gender and number of pronouns agree the with the nouns that they replace. The case of pronouns will change based upon their syntactical use in a sentence.
Most pronouns in Latin can also be used as adjectives, if they modify a noun that is present instead of simply replacing it.

3. Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)
The Demonstrative pronouns (can also be adjectives) are used to ‘point’ to things – “this”, “that”, “these”, “those”.
They follow the standard pronoun decl. pattern ( ius, -i)
ille, illa, illud – “that”, “those”
(sing.)
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
NOM.
ille
illa
illud
GEN.
illīus
DAT.
illī
ACC.
illum
illam
ABL.
illō
illā
(plur.)
illae
illōrum
illārum
illīs
illōs
illās
Summary of Endings:
-e / -a / -ud
-īus / -īus / -īus
-ī / -ī / -ī
-um /-am/-ud
-ō / -ā / -ō
-ī / -ae / -a
-ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum
-īs / -īs / -īs
-ōs / -ās / -a

4. Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)
The demonstrative pronoun (and adjective) iste, ista, istud is used to ‘point’ to things with a distinctly negative connotation.
It follows the pronoun decl. pattern ( ius, -i) like ille exactly.
iste, ista, istlud – “that”, “those”, “that (grr!)…”
(sing.)
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
NOM.
iste
ista
istud
GEN.
istīus
DAT.
istī
ACC.
istum
istam
ABL.
istō
istā
(plur.)
istae
istōrum
istārum
istīs
istōs
istās
Summary of Endings:
-e / -a / -ud
-īus / -īus / -īus
-ī / -ī / -ī
-um /-am/-ud
-ō / -ā / -ō
-ī / -ae / -a
-ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum
-īs / -īs / -īs
-ōs / -ās / -a

5. Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)
The Demonstrative pronoun hic, haec, hoc (“this”, “these”) combines the stem “h-” + ending + “-c” (a deictic marker used for pointing) in some cases.
When this “-c” marker runs up against certain endings like “-a” or “-m” various linguistic changes will happen. [“-a” + “-c” -> “-aec” ; “-m” + “-c” -> “-nc”]
Otherwise, it follows the standard pronoun decl. pattern ( ius, -i)
hic, haec, hoc – “this”, “these”
(sing.)
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
NOM.
hic
haec
hoc
GEN.
huīus
DAT.
huīc
ACC.
hunc
hanc
ABL.
hōc
hāc
(plur.) hī
hae
hōrum
hārum
hīs
hōs
hās
Summary of Endings:
Ø / -a / Ø
-īus / -īus / -īus
-ī / -ī / -ī
-um /-am/ Ø
-ō / -ā / -ō
-ī / -ae / -a
-ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum
-īs / -īs / -īs
-ōs / -ās / -a

6. Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)
The Demonstrative pronoun and adjective is, ea, id (“this”, “these”, etc.) serves as both demonstrative and the 3rd person personal pronoun (“he”, “she”, “it”, “they”)
The stem is really an “i-”, but it will weaken to an “e-” up against most vowels, hence the stem here looks like it’s an “e-” because of all the vowels in the endings.
is, ea, id – “this”, “that”, “these”, “he”, “she”, “it”, “they”, etc.
(sing.)
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
NOM. is ea id
GEN.
eīus
DAT. eī
ACC.
eum
eam
ABL. eō eā
(plur.)
eī, iī
eae
eōrum
eārum
eīs
eōs
eās
Summary of Endings:
Ø / -a / Ø
-īus / -īus / -īus
-ī / -ī / -ī
-um /-am/ Ø
-ō / -ā / -ō
-ī / -ae / -a
-ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum
-īs / -īs / -īs
-ōs / -ās / -a

7. Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)
The Demonstrative pronoun and adjective īdem, eadem, idem (“the same”) is a combination of is, ea, id + “-dem” (another deictic marker)
When the “-dem” comes up against an “-m”, it will produce “-ndem”; similarly, the “s” in “is” will drop and the short “i” will lengthen to compensate -> īdem
īdem, eadem, idem – “the same”
(sing.)
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
NOM.
īdem
eadem
idem
GEN.
eīusdem
DAT.
eīdem
ACC.
eundem
eandem
ABL.
eōdem
eādem
(plur.)
eaedem
eōrundem
eārundem
eīsdem
eōsdem
eāsdem
Summary of Endings:
Ø / -a / Ø
-īus / -īus / -īus
-ī / -ī / -ī
-um /-am/ Ø
-ō / -ā / -ō
-ī / -ae / -a
-ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum
-īs / -īs / -īs
-ōs / -ās / -a

8. Intensive Pronoun ipse, ipsa, ipsum – “____self” (sing.) Masc. Fem.
The Intensive pronoun ipse, ipsa, ipsum (“___self”) strengthens whatever it modifies.
Thus, when it modifies some 3rd person item, it will translate as “himself”, “herself”, “itself”, “themselves”; if it modifies a 1st person item it will be: “myself”, “ourselves”; if it modifies a second person item it will be: “yourself”, “yourselves”.
It follows the standard pronoun decl. pattern ( ius, -i) like ille, illa, illud
ipse, ipsa, ipsum – “____self”
(sing.)
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
NOM.
ipse
ipsa
GEN.
ipsīus
DAT.
ipsī
ACC.
ipsum
ipsam
ABL.
ipsō
ipsā
(plur.)
ipsae
ipsōrum
ipsārum
ipsīs
ipsōs
ipsās
Summary of Endings:
-e / -a / -um
-īus / -īus / -īus
-ī / -ī / -ī
-um /-am/-um
-ō / -ā / -ō
-ī / -ae / -a
-ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum
-īs / -īs / -īs
-ōs / -ās / -a

9. Personal Pronouns ego, meī – “I”, “me” tū, tuī – “you”
The personal pronouns stand in place of people (“I”, “me”, “you”, “we”, “us”, “y’all”, etc.)
As noted above, the demonstrative is, ea, id is used for the third person personal pronoun; here we’ll cover only the 1st and 2nd person personal pronouns.
ego, meī – “I”, “me” tū, tuī – “you”
nos, nostrum – “we”, “us” vōs, vestrum – “you (pl.)”, “y’all”
(sing.)
1st Person
2nd Person
NOM.
ego tū
GEN.
meī
tuī
DAT.
mihi
tibi
ACC. mē tē
ABL.
(plur.)
nōs
vōs
nostrum/nostrī
vestrum/vestrī
nobis
vobis

10. Reflexive Pronouns (sing.) 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person NOM. ---
Reflexive pronouns stand in place of nouns, but ALWAYS refer back to the SUBJECT of the sentence.
As such, they only exist in the oblique cases (i.e., all cases other than the nom.)
For the 1st and 2nd pers. reflexive pron., the same forms as the personal pronouns are used.
For the 3rd person reflexive pronouns, a new pronoun (“suī, sibi, sē, sē”) is used.
(sing.)
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
NOM.
---
----
GEN.
meī
tuī
suī
DAT.
mihi
tibi
sibi
ACC. mē tē sē
ABL.
(plur.)
nostrī
vestrī
nōbīs
vōbīs
nōs
vōs

11. Relative Pronoun quī, quae, quod – “who”, “which”, “that” (sing.)
The Relative pronoun quī, quae, quod (“who”, “which”, “that”) begins a new clause that relates back to an item in another clause in the sentence.
The relative pron. will take the gender and number of the noun it relates back to, while the relative pron. will have its own case, based on its syntactical use in the relative clause.
The relative pronoun is also used as the interrogative adjective (“who”, “what”)
quī, quae, quod – “who”, “which”, “that”
(sing.)
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
NOM.
quī
quae
quod
GEN.
cuius
DAT.
cui
ACC.
quem
quam
ABL.
quō
quā
(plur.)
quōrum
quārum
quibus
quōs
quās
Summary of Endings:
-ī / -ae / -od
-ius / -ius / -ius
-i / -i / -i
-em /-am/ -od
-ō / -ā / -ō
-ī / -ae / -ae
-ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum
-ibus / -ibus / -ibus
-ōs / -ās / -ae

12. Interrogative Pronoun
The Interrogative pronoun quis, quid (“who”, “whose”, “whom”, “what”, “which”) asks for the identity of a person or thing.
The masculine and feminine singular forms are the same in the singular.
The plural forms of the interrogative pronoun are identical to the relative pronoun
quis, quid – “who”, “whose”, “whom”, “what”, “which”
(sing.)
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
NOM.
quis
quid
GEN.
cuius
DAT.
cui
ACC.
quem
ABL.
quō
(plur.)
quī
quae
quōrum
quārum
quibus
quōs
quās
Summary of Endings:
-is / -is / -id
-ius / -ius / -ius
-i / -i / -i
-em /-em/ -id
-ō / -ā / -ō
-ī / -ae / -ae
-ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum
-ibus / -ibus / -ibus
-ōs / -ās / -ae

13. UNUS NAUTA Adjectives U N S A T
A special set of adjectives (often called UNUS NAUTA) follow the pronoun declension pattern: mostly like adjectives, but they use an “-ius” gen. sing. and an “-i” dat. sing. endings like the pronouns.
Other than having irregular forms, they function as normal adjectives.
UNUS NAUTA is an acronymic mnemonic device to help you remember these 9 adjectives:
ūnus, -a, -um
nūllus, -a, -um
ūllus, -a, -um
sōlus, -a, -um
neuter, neutra, neutrum
alius, -a, -ud
uter, utra, utrum
tōtus, -a, -um
alter, altera, alterum U N S A T
You will definitely want to learn to recognize these adjectives when you see them to help you remember the irregular forms.
The next slide will allow you to practice declining one of these adjectives, but note that you should be able to decline them all following the same pattern.

14. UNUS NAUTA Adjectives sōlus, -a, -um – “alone”, “only” (sing.) Masc.
A special set of adjectives (often called UNUS NAUTA) follow the pronoun declension pattern: mostly 2-1-2, but use an “-ius” gen. sing. and an “-i” dat. sing.
Other than the irregular forms, they function as normal adjectives.
sōlus, -a, -um – “alone”, “only”
(sing.)
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
NOM.
sōlus
sōla
GEN.
sōlīus
DAT.
sōlī
ACC.
sōlum
sōlam
ABL.
sōlō
sōlā
(plur.)
sōlae
sōlōrum
sōlārum
sōlīs
sōlōs
sōlās
Summary of Endings:
-us / -a / -um
-īus / -īus / -īus
-ī / -ī / -ī
-um /-am/-um
-ō / -ā / -ō
-ī / -ae / -a
-ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum
-īs / -īs / -īs
-ōs / -ās / -a