Chapter 1.1 The Study of Geography

Main Objectives Name the 2 Main Branches of Geography Explain how we use Geography Describe some ways we can organize our world & the study of Geography

What is Geography? The study of everything on Earth, from rocks and rainfall to people and places. Geographers study a world that is shaped by LANDSCAPES. Describe the landscape of Memphis, TN.

Perspectives PERSPECTIVE is the way a person looks at something. Can PERSPECTIVES differ? The LANDSCAPE you described of Memphis is your PERSPECTIVE of Memphis.

Physical or Human? Was your PERSPECTIVE human, or physical. Human geograPHy looks at the distribution and characteristics of the worlds people. Where people live, work, go to school Physical geograPHy looks at the natural environments. Weather (Climate), natural animals (fauna), natural plants (flora), mountains, rivers, oceans.

Physical or Human?

Physical or Human?

Who uses Geography? Everyone! Everyday! Lawyer? Chef? Pilot? Mailman? Student? Challenge - Who does not use geography?

Subfields of Geography Cartography – The Study of Maps. Meteorology – The Study of Weather. Biology – The Study of living things. Archeology – The study of Historical objects. Geology – The study of rocks.

Regions A REGION is an area with one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas. REGIONS can be any size. Bedroom, House, Neighborhood, City, County, State, Country, Continent.

Types of Regions FORMAL REGION – A group of places that have similar attributes. Farm Crops, Shelby Forest FUNCTIONAL REGION – A group of places connected by movement. (Everything that receives water from the Mississippi River) PERCEPTUAL REGION - reflect human feelings and attitudes ( Dixie, Mid-South) Perception is a viewpoint that is influenced by one’s own culture and experiences.

5 Themes of geography 1. Location  Deals with an exact or a relative spot. 2. Place  Includes physical & human features of a location. 3. Movement  involves how people and things change location and the effects of these changes.

5 Themes of geography 4. Regions  organizes the Earth into geographic areas with 1 or more shared characteristics. 5. Human Environment Interaction  covers the ways people & environments interrelate with affect to each other.

List and Define the 6 Elements 1. World in Spatial Terms  focus on geography’s spatial perspective. The use of maps for this is crucial. 3. Physical System  shape Earth’s features by studying earthquakes, mountain, weather pattern 2. Places & Regions  deals with the physical and human features of how those places & how we define & perceive various regions 4. Human System  our activities, movement & settlements shape earth’s surface

List and Define the 6 Elements 5. Environment & Society  relationship between people and the environment & how they affect each other. 6. Use of Geography  helps us understand relationships between people, places or environment over time. Can help interpret past or present, and plan for the future.

Main Objectives Name the 2 Main Branches of Geography Explain how we use Geography Describe some ways we can organize our world & the study of Geography

Main Objectives Give Examples: Formal Region Functional Region Perceptual Region Physical Geographical Feature Human Geographical Feature

Using the Geographer’s Tools Chapter 1.2 Using the Geographer’s Tools

Section 2 Objectives Explain how geographers and mapmakers organize the world. Identify the different types of maps geographers use, and why they use them. Identify and explain the Title, Direction, Scale, and Legend on a map.

Global Grid Every location on Earth can be found by using latitude and longitude on a map or globe. These lines form a grid like patter on the map or globe that allow you to pinpoint specific locations. This exact location is also referred to as absolute location.

Latitude Lines of Latitude run east and west. Everything is measured north or south of the Equator. Also called parallels. Which line of latitude is Memphis on?

Latitude The Equator is an imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between the north and south pole. All lines of latitude (parallels), are parallel to the Equator.

Longitude Lines of Longitude run North and South. Also called meridians. Meridians measure east and west of the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. What is the Longitude of Memphis?

Organization The globe is divided into 4 hemispheres. The globe is divided into 7 continents. Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, South America, Europe, and Antarctica. For Memphis, TN identify the following: Hemisphere, Continent, and Absolute Location. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil? London, England? Beijing, China? Sydney, Australia?

Distance Scales A maps distance scale helps us to determine real distances between points on a map. Maps of small areas can show more detail. Large areas less detailed. Germantown, Memphis, Tennessee?

Other Map Elements Title – Gives the reader knowledge of what he/she is looking at. Every Map must have a title. Directional Indicator - Shows which directions of a map are north, south, east, and west. A Compass Rose has arrows that point to all four principal directions. A map’s legend, or key, identifies the symbols on a map and what they represent. Inset maps are used to focus in on a small part of a larger map.

Name 3 types of map projections. Mercator  This projection is in cylindrical form. Often called the cylindrical projection Is good for navigation Distortion increases the farther you move from the Equator

Name 3 types of map projections. Conic  Is shown as if someone placed a cone around the area Is accurate in the area the cone would touch but distortion increases in the middle of the map. Good for looking at the North and South Poles Can you see Santa’s workshop with this map?

Name 3 types of map projections. Flat Plain  As if some one mapped the area where the round world touched a flat piece of paper. Great for true direction Greatly distorts the shape of landforms and surface

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Climate Map: Shows the climate or climates of the areas on the map.

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Precipitation Map: Shows the annual average rainfall of the area being mapped.

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Population Map: Shows the average number of people living in the area being mapped

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Physical Map: Shows the elevation and physical features

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Political Map: Shows boundary lines of the area being mapped

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Topographic Map: Shows the topography of the landscape. Topography describes the elevation and shape of a landmass.

Section 2 Objectives Explain how geographers and mapmakers organize the world. Identify the different types of maps geographers use, and why they use them. Identify and explain the Title, Direction, Scale, and Legend on a map.