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World Geography Chapter 1
How Geographers Look at the World
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Section 1 Themes of Geography
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Five Themes of Geography
Greek word geographia A “description of the earth” Location Where is it? Absolute Location Its precise position on the globe They use imaginary lines to determine absolute location Latitude and Longitude Creates hemisphere two halves
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Location (Con’t) Latitude Longitude
Circle earth parallel to the equator measuring North and South Equator 0º latitude Poles are 90º (North) and 90º (south) Latitude Longitude Lines from pole to pole measuring east or west from Prime Meridian Prime Meridian is over Greenwich, England
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Location (Con’t) Absolute location Relative Location
Gives the exact location Dallas, Texas 36ºN, 144ºW Relative Location Mostly used by standard people Where it is in relationship to a person, place or thing Ex. Ash Grove is NW of Springfield Campbell 16 is across from McDonald’s off of Campbell Ave.
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Place What is it like there?
Type of land, water, weather, soil, plant and animal life Also human activities and culture
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Human/Environment Interaction
What is the relationship between people and their environment? Why do people visit Hawaii instead of Alaska? How do humans adapt? How have they damaged the environment?
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Movement Region How are people and places connected?
Interested in the movement of goods, information and ideas Region Description of areas based on different characteristics Midwest called the Bread Basket Gulf Coast
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Geography and Other Subjects
Science and technology Scientific method GIS GPS Google Earth History and political science Historical designs Past leaders Political boundaries
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Geography and Other Subjects (Con’t)
Sociology and Anthropology Study of society and culture Economics How the location of resources affects the way people make, transport and use goods
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Map Essentials Key Scale Compass Rose Latitude Longitude
Explains the symbols on a map Unlocks the meanings of the map Scale Used to determine size of map Hawaii map vs. Missouri map Compass Rose Used to determine direction Latitude Longitude
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Map Types General purpose maps Physical Map Political
Physical features of Earth’s surface Political Countries, states, cities, capitals, etc. Special Purpose Maps Ex. Natural Resources… Road Maps
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Comparing Maps and Globes
Taking something round and making it flat Ex. Tennis Ball Orange Great Circle Shortest distance between two spots on earth
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Map Projection Mercator Projection Conic Projection
Fairly accurate however not with size or distance Specifically at the poles Conic Projection Fairly accurate overall Goode’s Interrupted Equal Area Projection Show’s true size and shape However distances are inaccurate
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Map Projections (Con’t)
Robinson’s Projection Overall fairly accurate However poles distorted Gall-Peter’s Projection Size accurate Shapes and distances are inaccurate
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