1. World Geography Chapter 1 & 2
Ch. 1 – Studying Geography
Ch. 2 – Earth In Space

2. WHY are you in this room???

5. Geography Geography – the study of everything on earth.
2 main branches of Geography
Human Geography
Manmade.
Physical Geography
Natural.

6. • interaction of people with their environments
SECTION 1
Themes and Essential Elements
Human Geography
Physical Geography
• study of distribution and characteristics of the world’s people (where people live and what they do)
• examines how people make and trade things that they need to survive
• focuses on Earth’s natural environments including landforms, water features, plants, animals, and other physical features
• studies the processes that shape physical environment
Both
• interaction of people with their environments

7. The Six essential elements
1.    The World in Spatial Terms
Where (location)
2.    Places and Regions
What (place and how we define it)
3.    Physical Systems
Natural (mountains, oceans, etc..)
4.    Human Systems
People (culture, ethnic, religion)
5.    Environment and society
How we interact with the environment.
6.    The Uses of Geography
Helps us to understand relationships among different peoples past and present as well as the physical make up of our planet.

8. The World in Spatial Terms

9. Places and Regions

10. Physical Systems

11. Human Systems

12. Environment and society

13. The Uses of Geography

14. Geography Terms
Grid – Pattern of lines that circle the globe in east-west and north-south directions.
Latitude – lines drawn - east-west direction and measure distance - north & south of equater.
Longitude – lines drawn - north-south direction and measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian.
Equator – imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between the North Pole & South Pole.

16. Geography Terms Parallels – Another name for lines of latitude.
parallel to the equator. (N and S)
Meridians – Another name for lines of longitude.
Parallel to the Prime Meridian (E and W)
Prime Meridian – imaginary line that runs through Greenwich, England, from the North Pole to the South Pole.
Degrees – Measurement used when using latitude & longitude.
Symbol for degrees is ° .
Degrees are further divided into minutes, for which the symbol is ‘.
There are 60 minutes in a degree.

18. Geography Terms Hemispheres – The world is divided into 4 hemispheres.
The equator divides the earth into a Northern & Southern Hemisphere.
The Prime Meridian divides the earth into a Eastern & Western Hemispheres.
Continents – The earth’s land surfaces are organized into 7 continents.
North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica.
Oceans – The largest division of water surfaces. There are 5 major oceans.
Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern, & Arctic Ocean.

20. Maps Atlas – book of maps.
Map Projection – projecting round earth on a flat map.
Types of Maps
Physical, Political, Special Purpose, etc.
Map Tools:
Directional Indicator – shows which directions are north, south, east, & west.
Compass Rose – A directional indicator that has arrows that point to all four principal directions.
Scales – used to represent distances between points on a map.
Legend or Key – explains what the symbols on the map represent.

23. Solar System
The Solar system is the sun and the group of bodies that revolve around it.
Almost all of Earth’s energy comes from the sun
Satellites – A body that orbits a larger body. Moons are natural satellites

24. The Sun, the Earth, and the Moon
The diameter of the Earth is about 8,000 miles.
The diameter of the Sun is about 865,000 miles.
The Moon is 240,000 miles from the Earth.
The Earth’s orbit averages about 93 million miles from the Sun.

25. The Earth
The Moon

26. The Solar System Rotation Revolution Earth’s Tilt
One complete spin of the Earth on its axis. Takes 24 hours.
Solar energy hits only the half of the earth that is facing the sun.
Revolution
Earths movement around the sun. Takes 365 ¼ days to complete one revolution.
Earth’s Tilt
Earth is tilted at 23 ½ degree angle.
North polar axis always points towards the North Star.

30. Seasons
Tropics – low latitude areas near the equator that receives great amounts of solar energy year round.
Polar Regions – high latitude areas that are cold most of the year, because they do not receive great amounts of solar energy.
Seasons – Northern and Southern Hemispheres have opposite seasons, because they receive direct solar rays at different times of the year (due to tilt of earth).
Solstice – occurs twice a year. Time when earths poles point toward or away from the sun more than at any other time. (Occur around Dec. 21 & June 21)
Tropic of Capricorn – Latitude in S. Hemisphere. Receives suns most direct rays during the December Solstice.
Tropic of Cancer – Latitude in N. Hemisphere. Receives suns most direct rays during the June Solstice.
Equinox – Occurs twice a year. Earth’s poles are not pointed toward or away from the sun. Night and day are equal (12 hours each). Occurs around March 21 & Sept. 22

31. Seasons

32. Earth-Sun Relationships
SECTION 2
Earth-Sun Relationships
Solstice
Equinox
time when Earth’s poles point at their greatest angle toward or away from the Sun
occurs twice each year when Earth’s poles are not pointed toward or away from the Sun

33. Solstice

34. Tides

35. The Earth System
Earth System – Interactions of elements on and around our planet
Broken into 4 parts
Atmosphere – layer of gases that surround earth
Lithosphere – Surface of the planet
Hydrosphere – all the water of the planet
Biosphere – Part of the earth where all plant and animal life exists

36. The Earth System