Psychology Chapter 1 Why study psychology

Objectives section 1 Identify the goals of psychology and explain how psychology is a science.

A Day in the Life Read page 3 for class discussion In-class assignment Write the 18 vocabulary words on page 3 Due when timer goes off. (25 minutes)

What is Psychology? Sec 1

Why study Psychology? To understand yourself, and others To learn about feelings, thoughts, and stress To learn why people behave the way they do

The goals of psychology To be able to explain, predict, and control behavior To observe and describe behavior and mental processes and to better understand them

What are behaviors? Actions that you can observe. Actions you can/can not control

Cognitive Processes Dreams Perception Thoughts Memories

Emotions affect behavior and mental (cognitive) processes Sleeplessness Anger Depression A faster heart rate Restlessness Cause stress Performance

Show me and Explain Cognitive activity and the Behavior Trying to stay awake in the MOST BORING lecture you ever sat through. have student pick a partner and give them a activity card to perform

Show me and Explain cognitive activity and a behavior Trying to cheat off of someone’s test around you without getting seen by the teacher.

Show me and Explain! a behavior and cognitive activity The person you hate the most in the school just walks in the classroom.

Show me ! Explain a behavior and cognitive activity You are falsely accused of stealing.

Show me and Explain cognitive activity and a behavior You see your Babe with another!!!!!

Teaching ways to deal with anxiety ******Visualization ******Breathing exercises How do you cope with your anxieties?

Examples Performance anxiety Test anxiety Place Kicker Last chance to win game Misses field goal Test anxiety Placement test for college Stress to score high

Psychology as a Natural Science Social Sciences History Anthropology Economics Political science Sociology Psychology These deal with the structure of the human society and the nature of the individuals

Psychology focuses on the behavior and mental processes of the individual The working of the brain and total human body Biology Chemistry Physics

Psychology uses the same scientific method Conducting experiments, collection and analyzing data and drawing conclusions Widely used research methods Surveys- collecting data involves asking questions of a particular group Experiments- research usually done in a lab

Psychological Theories Organized ideas about behavior and mental processes Theory Is a statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and happen the way they do

Behavior (sleeping, aggression) Psychological theories discuss principles that govern behavior and mental processes. Such as: Behavior (sleeping, aggression) Mental processes ( memories, mental images) Biological ( effect of chemicals in the brain) These theories help psychologist predict behavior and mental processes

Answer the Three questions on page 6 In-class assignment Answer the Three questions on page 6

What do Psychologists do? Sec 2

Objective section 2 Analyze the work done by psychologists according to their areas of specialization.

complete the graphic organizer Handout Break into a group of 2 You will need to know the different specializations in Psychology for your test. complete the graphic organizer Handout “Psychologist’ s specializations in Psychology” This is a in-class assignment due when the timer goes off.

Discussion Which specializations interests you? My specialization would be the Forensic psychologist

History of Psychology Sec 3

Investigate the historical beginning of psychology Objective section 3 Investigate the historical beginning of psychology

Roots of psychology Ancient Greece ( 428-347) Plato Student of Socrates Know thy self Examine your own thoughts and feelings Aristotle About the mind (scientific approach) Ancient Greece believed the Gods got mad and punished people

Middle ages / Mental illness Possession by demons Punished for sins and making deals with the devils or witches Test Water float test Float found guilty and executed Sink and drown found to be innocence

Scientific approach lead to the Birth of Modern Science Sir Isaac Newton John Locke 1800’s first psychological labs established in Europe and the United States

Wilhelm Wundt Founder of Structuralism Discovering the basic elements of conscious experience 2 separate categories Objective- sight and taste reflect the outside world Subjective- thoughts, emotional responses and mental images Ex: What an apple tastes and feels like to bite it

William James Founder of Functionalism Experience can not be broken down it is continuous Wrote first Modern day Psychology Book The Principles of Psychology Mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment

Differences Structuralism Relied only on introspection What are the elements (structures) of Psychological processes?

differences Functionalism Includes behavior, observation in the laboratory and introspection What are the purposes (functions) of behavior and mental processes? Adaptive behavior are habits learned and maintained because they are successful Studying leads to good grades Learning to read and write

John Watson Founder of Behaviorism Scientific study of observable behavior unscientific to study conscious Conscious is a private event know only to the individual. Psychology is a science- limited to observable, measurable events which are behavior.

B. F. Skinner Behavior + reinforcement Reinforcement or rewarding Learn by being rewarded (repeat of behavior) Used in animals and humans a like

The Gestalt School Based on the idea that perceptions are more than the sums of their parts Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to the parts Insight is the reorganization of perceptions that enables a person to solve a problem.

Kenneth Clark Black Psychologist Studied negative effect of segregation on the self esteem of African American Children White dolls pretty and good Brown dolls ugly and bad Proved the negative effects of a racist society on the young mind of children

Sigmund Freud Founder of psychoanalysis Emphasizes the importance of the unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determining human behavior First to bring out the couch

continued People are driven by hidden impulse, verbal slips and the belief that dreams represent their unconscious wishes. Believed that the sexual and aggressive urges are more important than conscious experience in governing people’s behavior and feelings

Answer the Questions on page17 In-Class assignment Answer the Questions on page17

Contemporary Perspectives Section 4

Objective section 4 Describe the 6 main contemporary perspectives in psychology.

Psychological Perspectives Ways to understand… WHY WE BEHAVE THE WAY WE DO?

Biological Perspective Study the influence of biology on our behavior the influences of hormones and genes Personality, intellect, and artistic talent Looks for connection between events in the brain (brain cell activity) and behavior

Techniques Used CAT (Computed Axial Tomography) Computer generates 3 dimensional image PET (Position Emission Tomography) Measures abnormal molecular cell activity

Evolutionary Perspective Subject matter: Physical traits, social behavior Adaptive organism survive and transmit their genes to future generations. Inherited tendencies influence people to act in certain ways

Cognitive Perspective Role thoughts play in determining behavior Rooted in Socrates (Know thy self) Process, storage, retrieval Short or long term memory People’s behavior is influenced by their values, their interpretations and their choices Remark = insult or not

Humanistic Perspective Stresses man’s capacity for self-fulfillment, the importance of consciousness, self awareness and the capacity to make choices Consciousness- the force that shapes people’s personalities Personal experiences most important

Self-awareness, experience and choice permit us to “Invent ourselves” Continued…….. Self-awareness, experience and choice permit us to “Invent ourselves” View people basically good and helpful Help people to get in touch with their feelings, manage their negative impulses and realize their potential

Psychoanalytic Perspective Rooted in Freud’s theories Influences of the unconscious on human behavior People driven by the Unconscious sexual and aggressive impulse Still feel the impact of Freud in current psychology

Learning Perspective Emphasizes the effect of experience on behavior Learning is the essential factor in observing, describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling behavior

Social learning theory People can change their environment or create new ones Believe that people learn by direct experience or by observing other people

Socio-cultural perspective effects on human behavior and mental processes Addresses issues of ethnicity, gender, culture and socio-economic status These have a significant impact on human behavior and mental processes Bilingualism Prejudice Ethnic differences ( physical and psychological) Multicultural issues ( Psychotherapy and treatment) Gender Roles, preferences, careers, education

Apply the 7 perspectives to each of the following Biological Evolutionary Cognitive Humanistic Psychoanalytic Learning Socio-cultural

Why does a 13 year old start smoking? Why does an A/B student start failing and not caring about school? Why would an athlete all of a sudden quit sports and turn gothic?

Why would a sophomore want to get pregnant? Why would a popular junior girl “dump” all of her friends for a boy? Why does someone cut themselves?

Answer the questions on page 21 In-Class Assignment Answer the questions on page 21

Study your notes, movie sheet, and vocabulary for the test. The End Study your notes, movie sheet, and vocabulary for the test.