The New World These words throughout Europe greatly stimulated the European monarchs for overseas exploration and colonization. Where they explored and colonized depended on the ocean currents, weather patterns, and where rival powers had claimed their land. England started colonizing along the Atlantic Ocean.

English Colonies England started colonizing on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean . The 13 colonies were established by England and historians categorized them into regions

Thirteen Colonies The 13 colonies are broken up into regions. Regions: an area grouped all together by a common characteristics The Thirteen colonies were divided into three regions based on the type of people that lived there, the climate, and the physical geography of the area.

New England Colonies

New England Colonies New England Colonies Long winters English people Reasons Geography Economy $$$ Colonies Who To practice their religion without fear of persecution lumbering Long winters Massachusetts English people Ship building New Hampshire Reform or purify Church of England Lots of trees and rocky soil Puritans Fishing Rhode Island To escape persecution and separate from Church of England Not good for farming Pilgrims Connecticut

1620

1635 *

1636

1638

Reason Settled: RELIGIOUS FREEDOM!

MAJOR PRODUCTS: How did they make money? industry shipbuilding fishing

Climate and Farming: CLIMATE: Extremely cold winter Short growing season FARMING: NOT GOOD   Hard / rocky soil NOT good  

PEOPLE OF NEW ENGLAND

Pilgrims Arrived on the Mayflower Wanted religious freedom Led by William Bradford and landed at Plymouth Signed the Mayflower Compact (remember…it was the 1st self-government

Better Church of England Puritans Better Church of England Puritan Beliefs: They were the “chosen people” Very smart Church & state should work together

Puritans Leave Massachusetts 1st group to Connecticut Wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, which was the 1st Written Constitution in America Author was Thomas Hooker Gave a detailed description of representative government

Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies Middle Colonies (Bread Basket) Cold winters Dutch Reasons Geography Economy $$$ Colonies Who Small farms Cold winters Religious freedom New York Dutch Wheat and grains Delaware Better climate than New England Germans trade trade New Jersey Lots of hills and trees Swedes Pennsylvania Escape religious persecution in Europe mining Quakers Iron ore

1620 *

1638

1638

1682

REASONS SETTLED: Business profit and trade Religious freedom

MAJOR PRODUCTS & Harvesting grain Cattle

CLIMATE AND FARMING Climate Cold winters Average growing season OK  Coastline rocky but some rolling green hills

PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES

Quakers Leader was William Penn Sought religious freedom and trade for money Led a simplistic lifestyle Religious toleration—church services unnecessary Believed in no violence to anyone and that slavery was bad

Pennsylvania & the Quakers HOW DID THEY END UP HERE? King Charles II owed the Penn family money Repaid them with land in America So…William Penn brought the Quakers to the New World (against his father’s wishes)

Was called the “Holy Experiment” Established Philadelphia, which became known as the “City of Brotherly Love” “any government is free to the people under it…where the laws rule” Called the “melting pot city” because all foreigners were welcome

New York The English took New Netherlands away from the Dutch and renamed it New York Had lots of ethnic diversity (Italians, Dutch, French, Irish) Trade was great because of the large harbor area Fastest growing of all the colonies

New Jersey Was a proprietary colony Known for ethnic diversity Allowed religious freedom 1st to have trial by jury Representative government

Delaware Formed for Pennsylvania’s access to the Atlantic Ocean Why was this important? FOR TRADE!

Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies Southern Colonies (farms and plantations) Who Reasons Geography Economy $$$ Colonies English – looking for profit farms Mild winters profit Virginia Plantations Escape religious persecution Maryland English Catholics Fertile soil Cash Crops North Carolina New opportunities Lots of flat land tobacco South Carolina rice Georgia

1607 (Jamestown)

1634

1660-1670

1660-1670

1733

REASONS SETTLED: Mercantilism (a state’s power depends on its wealth) Profit from trade

MAJOR PRODUCTS: Agriculture Tobacco – 1st cash crop Lumber Rice

CLIMATE AND FARMING CLIMATE Warm, humid Long growing season FARMING GREAT!    Moist, rich soil

MARYLAND Established by Lord Baltimore Settled by Roman Catholics fleeing persecution in England Passed the Toleration Act— provided religious freedom Farmed tobacco

Carolina Was swampy & humid Poor administration Used Natives as slave labor Caused many battles Proprietors were no help so the king took over Separated into North and South

GEORGIA Settled by General James Oglethorpe Purpose was to give debtors a new start Slavery was not allowed Allowed religious freedom

Jamestown, Virginia Tobacco & women were the reason for the survival of Jamestown Swamp brought disease House of Burgesses was the 1st representative government

SLAVERY Slavery becomes a worldwide mistake

Start of Slavery Africans were not the 1st 1st – Indentured Servants (poor white English people who borrowed money to get to America)

2nd – Native Americans (began to die of disease or escaped)

3rd—Africans (slaves were critical for the tobacco harvest)

Brought here through Triangle Trade This was the triangle of shipping of goods from America to Europe and slaves from Africa to America

Now you are going to write a paragraph comparing the reasons for the colonization of the 13 colonies. Using your tree map make sure you address the economic, religious and social reasons.