Parts of Speech Chapter 2

Pronoun Quiz Know the chart on p. 37! Be able to identify the pronoun types of bolded pronouns in sentences. Be able to list at least 4 of the following pronouns: Always singular indefinite pronouns Always plural indefinite pronouns Either singular or plural indefinite pronouns Demonstrative pronouns Relative pronouns Indefinite relative pronouns Interrogative pronouns

Pronoun Quiz Know that relative pronouns introduce dependent clauses. Know that interrogative pronouns ask questions. Know that reflexive and intensive pronouns end in –self or –selves. Know that reflexive pronouns act as objects. Know that intensive pronouns act as appositives. Be able to list the two reciprocal pronouns.

Preposition Quiz List 50 prepositions.

Nouns Person, place, thing, or idea Pastor Mark Michigan Sign Peace Often preceded by the words a, an, the, this, that, these, those

Nouns Common- general nouns, school Proper- specific nouns, capitalized, Calvary Baptist Academy Count- can be made plural, can be counted, books Noncount- always singular, cannot be counted, cannot be preceded by an article, soup

Compound Nouns Combination of two or more words 1 word: bookcase, backpack 2 words: class work, yard sale 1 hyphenated word: great-grandfather A baby sits in a highchair. My cousin is a redhead. The judge sat on a high chair. The bird with a red head sang outside my window.

Collective Nouns Groups or units Team, family, company, government Is the group acting as a singular unit? The class planned its project. Are the group members acting individually? The class reviewed their individual jobs.

Concrete vs. Abstract Concrete- can be perceived by the senses Chair Abstract- cannot be perceived by the senses Joy

Pronouns Takes the place of a noun Replaces a noun, its antecedent

Personal Pronouns Chart on p. 37- Please know for quiz. Person- 1st (refers to the speaker or writer), 2nd (refers to the person spoken to), 3rd (another person or thing) Number- singular or plural Gender- masculine, feminine, neuter Case- subjective, objective, possessive

Indefinite Pronouns Refer to nonspecific nouns, no antecedents Be able to list at least 4 from each group on quiz. Always singular- one, body, thing, each, little, less, much Always plural- both, few, fewer, many, several Either singular or plural depending on context- all, any, more, most, none, some

Demonstrative Pronouns Point out specific nouns This, that, these, those Be able to list on quiz!

Relative Pronouns Introduce dependent clauses Who, whom, whose, which, that Be able to list on quiz. Indefinite relative pronouns- no antecedents Who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whosoever, whichever, whatever Be able to list at least four on quiz.

Interrogative Pronouns Ask questions Who, whom, whose, which, that Be able to list quiz.

Relative or Interrogative? Whoever wants to run in the race needs to register. The course that will be run today is three miles long. Whose running shoes are over there? Each runner may choose to wear whichever number he wants. Jasmine asked who the main judge for the race was.

Reflexive or Intensive End in –self or –selves (know for quiz) Reflexive- act as objects, refer back to the subject Peter hurled himself out of the boat. Intensive- intensive a noun, act as appositives, can be taken out of the sentence Peter himself walked on water. Peter walked on water.

Reciprocal Pronouns Each other One another Please know for quiz.

Verbs Intransitive verb- InV Transitive verb- TrV- needs an object Linking Verb- LV- links the subject and the rest of the sentence, can be replaced with an = sign or a form of the word be Auxilliaries- helping verbs- box on p. 43

Verbs The girl set out on a walk with her dog. The girl pushed her dog across the narrow bridge. The girl was annoyed with the sight of her wet dog. The girl has learned that her dog is not particularly afraid of water—at least when squirrels are involved.

Adjectives Describe nouns or pronouns Answer the questions which one? what kind? how many? how much? whose? The pretty flower is very pretty. The ____________ thing (or person) is very ________________.

Determiners Type of adjective that signals a noun is coming Do not fit in the adjective test frame Articles- a (before a consonant sound), an (before a vowel sound), the Possessives- show ownership Demonstratives- this, that, these, those

Determiners Interrogatives- which, what, whose Indefinites Pronoun- What is wrong? Determiner- What type of problem is it? Indefinites

Types of Adjectives Modifying nouns- nouns that function as adjectives Winter wonderland Proper adjectives- formed from proper nouns American

Adverbs Modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs Answer the questions Where? When? Why? How? To what extent? Many end in -ly

Adverbs Common adverbs Also Therefore However Very Not, n’t Often Here There Usually right before or after the adjective or adverb they modify Anywhere in a sentence if they modify the verb

Kinds of Adverbs Qualifiers- modify adj. and adv., strengthen or weaken the word it modifies (very, even) Conjunctive adverbs- link independent clauses Box on p. 49 Followed by a comma First word of sentence or preceded by a ; Relative adverbs- when, where, why Intro. adj. clauses Indefinite relative adverbs- when, where, why, how Intro. noun clauses Interrogative adverbs- when, where, why, how Ask questions

Adverbs vs. Prepositions Prepositions have prepositional phrases with objects. Adverbs- not phrase VAC- verb-adverb combination Look up Look over John took on the job of washing the house windows even though he already had to wash the car.

Prepositions Relates an object to another word For God’s glory Object of the preposition (OP)- noun or pronoun at the end of a prepositional phrase Because- subordinating conjunction Because of- preposition

Prepositions vs. Infinitives Prepositions- must have an object I am going to church tonight. Infinitive- to + a verb I need to do my homework.

Conjunctions Connect words or groups of words Coordinating conjunctions- must follow a comma if joining to sent. For And Nor But Or Yet Correlative conjunctions- come in pairs Either-or Neither-nor Both-and Not only-but also

Subordinating Conjunctions Begin dependent clauses Boxes on p. 54

Interjections Extra to the sentence Followed by a comma, period, or exclamation point Sure Well Awesome Uh Ah Thank you Please Good Etc.