1. Grammar

2. Nouns Person, place, thing or idea
Common nouns- general nouns (cookie, boy, car, school)
Proper nouns- name of something (Mr. Heckler, Toyota, Power Rangers, Star Wars)
Always capitalized

3. Nouns Appositive- a noun that renames another noun (in a sentence)
Give me that book, Star Wars- Return of the Jedi, right now!
Star Wars- Return of the Jedi renames book

4. Pronouns Pronouns replace or take the place of nouns
I, he, she, me
Her, him, their
Hers, his, theirs, its
Antecedents- is what the pronoun is referring to or replacing in a sentence
Aaron sharpened his pencil.

5. Verbs Shows action or something exists
Action Verb- shows some kind of action
Walk, talk, speak, run,
Linking Verb- links the subject to something else
Acts like an = sign
Is, are, were, am,
Sense words
Helping verb
When you have a linking verb in front of an action verb
She is helping him

6. Adjectives Describes or modifies a noun or pronoun The ugly car.
The pretty girl.
The handsome man drove the fast motorcycle.

7. Adverbs Describe or modify a verb, adjective, or other adverb.
She did well.
The very ugly boy.
The super nice teacher drove too fast.

8. Articles
Part of the adjective family- 3 of them
THE A AN

9. Interjection Shows strong emotion or surprise.
Hey!!! What are you doing?
Whoa! that is awesome!!!

10. Conjunction
Conjunctions connect words or groups of words together.

11. Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions- coordinates 2 words or clauses in a sentence.
And
But Or
Nor
For So
yet

12. Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions- must be used together to join words or clauses.
Either/or
Neither/ nor
Both/ and
Not only/ but also
Whether/ or

13. Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions- conjunction at the beginning of the clause and starts a dependent clause
Start a dependent clause
They are usually words that are adverbs or prepositions
After, since, when, where, before, until, as much as, because, unless, in order that, though, although, if, that, while so, how, than

14. Prepositions
Is a word or group of words that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun that follows it and another word in the sentence.
(The doghouse or anywhere a mouse can go)
Common Prepositions
In, on, through, around, over, under
The dog went over the fence.
I hid the chocolate in the cracker box.

15. Preposition
Prepositional phrase- group of words that starts with the preposition and ends with the object of the preposition.
Object of the preposition- noun or pronoun that is related to the preposition.
The dog went over the fence.
I hid the chocolate in the cracker box.

16. Subject & Predicate Subject- the nouns or pronouns in the sentence
The who or what in the sentence
Predicate- the verb and everything after it
What’s being done in the sentence.

17. Clauses
Independent- have a subject and a predicate and can stand alone
Dependent- have a subject and a predicate, but cannot stand alone.

18. Sentences Simple- 1 independent clause
Mr. Holbrook went to the store.
Compound- 2 or more independent clauses
Mr. Holbrook went to the store, and Mrs. Holbrook went to school.
Complex- a sentence with an independent clause and a dependent clause
Although Mr. Holbrook wanted to go to the football game, he stayed home.

19. Objects Direct object- receives the action of the verb
MUST HAVE ACTION VERB!!!
Subject + predicate = Direct Object
The boy passed the ball.
What was passed Ball

20. Objects
Indirect objects- identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is performed
Who or what receives the Direct Object
MUST HAVE ACTION VERB!!!
MUST HAVE DIRECT OBJECT!!!
Mr.Holbrook gave Jimmy the notes.
Gave- action verb
Notes- direct object
Jimmy- indirect object

21. Predicate Adjectives
Predicate adjectives follow a linking verb and describes the subject
MUST HAVE A LINKING VERB!!!
Mr. Holbrook is funny.
Is- linking verb
Funny- adjective that describes Mr. Holbrook

22. Predicate Nominatives
Predicate nominatives follow a linking verb and tells us what the subject is (nouns and pronouns)