1. The Four Levels of Grammar 1. Parts of Speech 2. Parts of the Sentence 3. Phrases 4. Clauses

2. 1. Eight Parts of Speech NounsVerbs Pronouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections

3. people, places, things, or ideas. can do six jobs in a sentence: 1. subject 2. object of preposition 3. direct object 4. indirect object 5. predicate nominative (noun) 6. appositive Nouns:

4. Subject: Who or what the sentence is about. ex. The Aggies won the Cotton Bowl. Object of the Preposition: noun that follows a preposition in a prepositional phrase. ex. Alabama is ranked #1 in the Coaches' Poll. Direct Object: the noun that is receiving the action of the verb ex. Johnny Manziel scored two touchdowns. Indirect Object: a noun that answers the question to whom or for whom ex. Manziel threw Swope the football. Predicate Nominative: renames the subject ex. Kevin Sumlin is the head football coach at Texas A&M. Appositive: A group of words that follows a noun, renaming or explaining it. ex. Johnny Manziel, the Aggies' quarterback, won the Heisman trophy.

5. show action or state of being E very sentence MUST have one of the two main types of verbs 1. Action 2. Linking - memorize them!! There are only 18! 8 "be" verbs5 sensesBRAGS am be lookbecome is being smellremain are been tasteappear was soundgrow were feelseem 3. Helping Verbs - some sentences may have a helping verb in front of the main verb. Memorize them!! There are 23. 8 "be" verbsTriplets Twins am be may have can is being might has could are been must had will was do would were did shall does should Verbs:

6. Pronouns : take the place of nouns do the same six jobs as nouns Subject pronouns do the jobs of subject or predicate nominative. Object pronouns do the jobs of direct object, indirect object, or object of the preposition. Possessive pronouns act as adjectives or nouns. Subject/Nominative Object Possessive 1st Person I, we me, us my, mine, our, ours 2nd Person you, you your, yours 3rd Person he, they she, who, it him, them, her, whom, it his, their, theirs, her, hers, whose, its

7. Adjectives: words or phrases that describe nouns. answer one of the following questions: Which one? What kind? How many? Proper Adjectives are usually possessive and are made from Proper nouns. Example: Juliana’s doll fell off the table Articles (the, a, an) are ALWAYS adjectives. Predicate Adjectives follow linking verbs and describe the subject.

8. Adverbs: words or phrases that describe verbs, adjectives or adverbs. answer one of the following questions: How? Where? When? To what extent? Why? of ten end in –ly. d o not have to be next to the word they are describing. Finally, Karina is learning grammar. Karina is finally learning grammar. Karina is learning grammar finally.

9. Prepositions: A preposition must be followed by a noun. If there’s not a noun following, it’s not a preposition. There are over 100 prepositions. The easiest way to find them is by using this sentence: The mouse goes _____ the box. Some prepositions don’t make sense in the sentence but are still prepositions. Some of the most common are: During Of Until Since Except

10. Conjunctions: Conjunctions are connecting words. They can connect words, phrases, or sentences. There are several types of conjunctions. Coordinating Conjunctions – (Fanboys) These conjunctions connect words used in the same way like two subjects or verbs. Also used to connect compound sentences. For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative Conjunctions – These are two conjunctions that work together. Both – and Either – or Neither – nor Whether – or Not only – but also Subordinating Conjunctions – These are used to connect a dependent clause to an independent clause (sentence). * AAAWWUBBIS After Although (even though and though) As When (Whenever) While Until Because Before If Since *There are many more than what is listed here. These are the most common.

11. Interjections: words or phrases that express strong emotion such as surprise or excitement. always followed by a comma or an exclamation point. Wow! Would you look at that! Yes, I will go out with you. Oh my! That stinks! Oh no! He actually did it!