1. Grammar Chapter 1
Parts of Speech

2. Definition: a noun is a person, place, thing or idea
The Noun
Definition: a noun is a person, place, thing or idea
Common Nouns: names a generic person, place, thing or idea
Proper Nouns: names a specific person, place, thing or idea; must be capitalized

3. Concrete Noun: a noun one can physically see, touch, hear, etc.
Abstract Noun: a noun that cannot be physically touched, seen, heard, etc.

4. Collective Noun: names a group as a single unit
Compound Noun: two words combined to make one idea

5. Type Example Common car Proper Ford Concrete desk Abstract beauty
Collective
audience
Compound
sidewalk
Bellwork- DAY ONE: Identify the nouns and label them as common, proper, concrete, abstract and collective or compound

6. The Pronoun definition: takes the place of a noun, nouns, or pronoun
personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they; me, my, your, yours, him, his, her, its, them, theirs, their
reflexive: myself, yourself, him/herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
demonstrative – this, that, these, those
interrogative – what, which, who, whom, whose
relative – that, which, who, whom, whose
indefinite – all, anyone, everybody, etc.

7. Definition: modifies a noun or pronoun
The Adjective
Definition: modifies a noun or pronoun
answers: what kind, how much, which one, how many
Common nouns v. Adjectives
cheese v. cheese sandwich
weather v. weather report
Proper Nouns v. Proper Adjectives
Picasso v. Picasso painting
California v. California coast
Articles
definite – the; indefinite – a, an

8. The Verb Definition: an action or state of being word
Verb Phrases: consist of helping verb(s) and main verb(s)
Helping verbs work with the main verb to clarify the meaning of the sentence or verb
Example: He does seem to be confused about nouns.

9. Action and Linking Verbs
Action: expresses physical or mental action
Example: physical – to run; mental – to think; to be
Linking: connects the subject to the word(s) that describe the subject
Example: The wet dog smelled horrible.

10. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Transitive: expresses action directed toward a noun; the action passes from the doer to the receiver
Example: Juan mailed the package.
Intransitive: expresses action without passing from doer to receiver
Example: After playing all day, the children ate ravenously.
doer
receiver
doer

11. The Adverb definition: modifies a verb, adverb, or adjective
answers: how, when, where, to what extent
modify verb: Marian performed beautifully.
modify adverb: Cheetahs can run extremely fast.
modify adjective: The players are exceptionally skillful.

12. The Preposition
definition: shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word
the box – in, on, around, under, inside, in front of, behind, toward, etc.
most common and commonly missed – OF

13. The Conjunction and the Interjection
definition: joins words or word groups
coordinating conjunctions – FANBOYS
correlative conjunctions – both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, whether…or
The Interjection
definition: expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to the sentence
aha, wow, hey, ouch, well, etc.