1. ---DGP Instructions--- MONDAY: Parts of Speech

2. Steps for Mondays 1. Find and label all nouns. Be aware of gerunds or infinitives acting as nouns. 2. Find and label all pronouns. Tell “person” and type if personal. 3. Locate any adjectives that describe nouns or pronouns. Be aware of participles. Also label articles. 4. Find and label the verb(s) or verb phrase(s), including helping verbs. Tell type and tense. 5. Locate any adverbs that describe verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. 6. Locate any prepositions. 7. Check to see if there are any conjunctions. 8. Check to see if there are any interjections.

3. NOUNS – Label Common (n) and Proper (N) Keep in mind that nouns can be PERSONS, PLACES, THINGS, or IDEAS (abstract concepts) Person:girl, Suzy Place: school, Mizzou Thing:pencil, World Trade Center Idea:democracy, freedom, espionage, thought, belief

4. PRONOUNS – Label type; if personal, label 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd and type PERSONAL: 1 st = me, I, mine, my, our, we, 2 nd = you, your, yours 3 rd = his, her, their, him, he, she, they, it TYPE: Nominative = in the subject form (I, We, He, She, They) Objective = in the object form (Me, Us, Him, Her, Them) Possessive = showing ownership or possession (My, Our, His, Her, Their)

5. PRONOUNS – continued: Demonstrative: demonstrates which one Only 4 of them: this, that, these, those Reflexive: reflects back on the self Anything ending with –self or –selves Interrogative: asks a question Who? Whose? Whom? Which? What? Indefinite: doesn’t refer to a definite person or thing each, either, some, all, most, few, neither, several, many, none, one, -body, -thing, -one, both, any, many, other, another, much, more, etc. Relative: starts adjective dependent clause Only 5 of them: that, which, who, whom, whose

6. ADJECTIVES and ADVERBS ADJECTIVES: – Describe NOUNS and PRONOUNS – Answer questions like Which one? How much? How many? What kind? – ARTICLES – there are 3: a, an, the – Proper Adjectives: Proper noun used as an adjective: American flag Will always be capitalized ADVERBS: – Describe VERBS (walk slowly), ADJECTIVES (very pretty), and other ADVERBS (very quickly) – Answer questions like Where? When? How? To what extent? – Always, Not, & Never are common adverbs – Tend to end in –ly often

7. VERBS: Show action or help make a statement Two types: – ACTION: Shows mental or physical action – LINKING: Links two words together Common ones: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been Can be action or linking: taste, feel, seem, grow, appear, become, look, remain, sound, stay, turn Both types can have a helping verb: – HELPING: One or more words that help the main verb and form a verb phrase Can be helping: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been Always helping: can, could, do, did, does, has, have, had, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would Tell type and tense for main verb (last in line) Helping verbs can help you determine the tense (see your chart!)

8. Prepositions and Interjections PREPOSITION: Shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence Common preps: of, on, to, in, at, with, for, after, until, by, from, over, down, about, since, off INTERJECTIONS: Show excitement or emotion but are separate from the rest of the sentence Usually separated with an exclamation point or a comma Common ones: Oh! Wow! Well, Hey, Yes, No, Cool! Nice!

9. Conjunction: Joins words, phrases, and clauses Coordinating (cc): most common – FANBOYS: – For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet So Subordinating (sc): starts adv. dependent clauses – Must be followed by a subject and a verb – After, since, because, while, as, if, as if, before, when, although, until, when, whenever, so that, even though, etc. Correlative (cor conj): have a partner or “relative” – Not only/but also, both/and, either/or, neither/nor, whether/or Noun Clause Identifier (nci): starts noun dep. Clauses – That, who, whether, why, what, how, when, where, whom, etc. Conjunctive Adverb (conj adv): – adverb that connects 2 clauses & must have a semicolon – However, then, therefore, also, furthermore, nevertheless, thus, etc.

10. Verbal: formed from a verb, but acts like a noun, adjective or adverb Gerund (ger): verb acting like a noun – Ends in –ing – Swimming is fun. I love drawing. Participle (part): verb acting like an adjective – Ends in – ing or –ed (or other past tense ending) – I have running shoes. It’s an unspoken rule. Infinitive (inf): verb acting like a noun, adj. or adv. – To + a verb – To run is my dream. I love to swim. Each one can also be in a phrase – Swimming in the ocean is fun. To run in a race is my goal. – Frightened of the dark, I ran to my car.