Sexually Transmitted Diseases Chp 16

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): A Worldwide Problem Bacterial: gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia [condoms provide some protection] Viral: HIV, hepatitis B, genital herpes, genital warts [HPV] [condoms provide some protection] Other: yeasts (Candida), protozoan (Trichomonas), arthropod (pubic lice)

Bacterial: Gonorrhea Easily transmitted [less common today] 50% woman; 20 % men - single exposure infection Body fluid transmission;genital contact w hands, mouth or hands to eyes Passed to fetus--lead to blindness Early Symptoms: MALES - Painful urination & , abnormal discharge; FEMALES - burning sensation during urination, abnormal vaginal discharge 20% men & 80% women asymptomatic!! Untreated -- causes scarring & infertility Treat w/antibiotics [however resistant strains exist]

Bacterial: Syphilis Most dangerous STD if left untreated Develops in 3 phases: PHASE 1 - (1-8 weeks post infection) Symptoms: Hard dry sore filled w/bacteria @ infection site PHASE 2 - (several years) Invades: lymph, blood vessels, mucous membranes, bones, NS Symptoms: rash, hair loss, gray patches on mucous membranes PHASE 3 - damage to cardiovascular system, NS, blindness, death Fetus of infected woman - blind, malformed, death Treat w/ penicillin

Bacterial: Chlamydia Symptoms: Often asymptomatic!!! Common STD [especially among college students] Women diagnosed more than men [left undetected in men] Symptoms: Often asymptomatic!!! MALES - burning sensation during urination & abnormal discharge from penis, swollen lymph nodes FEMALES - burning & itching sensation, vaginal discharge, swollen lymph nodes Untreated: pelvic inflammatory disease, complicated pregnancy, sterility Fetal infection: eye & lung complications, pneumonia following birth Treat w/ antibiotics

Viral: HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Slowly destroys immune system causing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) Incurable and MOST deadly STD Early Symptoms: fatigue, fever, chills, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, weight loss Increased susceptibility to disease Asymptomatic stage may last years! Death caused by failure of immune response

Viral: hepatitis Hepatitis A - food & water bourn [vaccine avail] Multiple strains [eg. Type A, B, C] Hepatitis A - food & water bourn [vaccine avail] Brief illness Hepatitis B - blood or body fluids [STD, dirty needles] Jaundice, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, arthritis Complete liver failure More contagious than HIV!!!!!!! Vaccine available!!! Hepatitis C - blood bourn, may be STD May remain dormant for years Chronic cases - chronic hepatitis, liver cancer

Viral: genital herpes Caused by Herpes symplex virus 2 Over 15% population infected Symptoms: Genital blisters, painful urination, swollen lymph nodes of groin, fever Incurable [virus shed when blistering] Anti-viral medications suppress active stage May cause blindness in infants if left untreated

Viral: genital warts ARE ON THE RISE Most common STD - Approximately 20 million people currently infected with HPV. 50%, or more, of sexually active men & women acquire genital HPV Projected that 80% American women infected by age 50 Caused by Human papilloma virus (HPV) Symptoms: Warts on penis, labia, vagina, cervix, or anus Treated by: laser surgery, freezing, drugs: reoccurrence common NO REAL CURE!!! Increased risk of cancer [especially cervical cancer] Condoms provide Limited Protection !!!

Yeasts (Candida) Yeast always present in mouth, colon, vagina Symptoms: Swelling, thick cheesy discharge & painful urination May lead to bladder infections Treated with antifungals

Trichomoniasis [Protozoan] causes vaginal infections Treatable w/ drugs Symptoms: Women - frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge Men - inflamation of penis & abnormal discharge

Pubic Lice [arthropods] “Crabs” Sexually transmitted OR via dirty linen Adult lice lay eggs @ base hairs Feed by sucking blood Symptoms: itching & skin irritation Antilice treatments