PSYCHOLOGY …AND MEDICINE Zsolt B. Major - 11th lecture

Theories of personality

Other theories Social learning theory Bandura Modeling Instrumental (rewarded) conditioning Classical (emotional based) conditioning Approach of learning methods Tabula rasa Allegory of Darwin: the adaptive behavioral pattern locks Phenomenological approach Love = Acceptance Positive point of view Child care: (find out the good in everybody!) Theories of pesonality

Personality Continuity of it…?! Scripts reactive-evocative-proactive interactions Games people play Orderliness… Szondi-principle (from agression, as basic property trait sy will become murder, other butcher…) Positiv vs. Negativ „Pygmalion” (self-fulfilling processes)! There are constant traits AND unique, special variences - The aim is to be able to make reliable forecasts AND understand and manage the unique variences too!!

Would you be able to extinguish a human life?! Personality = personality + situation, context, etc.!! See Ethic too!! Theories of pesonality

PERSONALITY – OTHER APPROACHES – practical benefits: Social modeling – see lay image, fantasy about doctors transmitted by the madical TV-series… Phenomenologhical approach – see the justice&charity as basic ethical principles Empathy = look behind the surface: understand and acceptance of patient’s different culture, norms… …and for this to understand what could happen in the personality…! Development of your own personality Questions..?

Developmental psychology Bowlby: „Good enogh” mother for the baby!!! =calculable to him/her, listen&respond to the baby’s real needs, for the baby should feel the mather’s care about his real life…! SEE IMPORTANCE OF CALCULABLE BEHAVIOR…!!

External environmental impact: Importance of the primary (love) relationship! Ainsworth experiment: Safety affection Uncertain affection – avoident Uncertain affection – ambivalent Disconcerted Developmental psychology Harlow experiment: Hairy brooder stove (expletive mother imitation) Vs. Cold, bare one

…How is forming our personality? Long ago: Today: A baby… = insensitive human being = although helpless, but his senses are working; and his conscious (on his level) too…!! Feel/sense: Sight Hearing (head turning) Smelling („Turns” to the sweet smell, or to the familiar fragnance) Researches, experiments: Observation Habituation – dishabituation (if he can recognize, detect the different between 2 status of stimulus’s) Developmental psychology

…both…!! Nature or nurture? Developmental maturation (periodic vs. continous…??) Environment (critical periods!) There are both specific sections and individual differences too: Climb Sit Stand Temperament (see reactive-evocative interaction!) Eyesight (eg. Congenital Cataract must be operated before 2 months of age!) Development of personality: 1-6 months of age, or, 1-3 age!! – See Child care!! Enviromental impacts may make affect on the maturation process:

Development of…: Perception, sensation (see sensoral deprivation!) Cognitive, conceptual, language Personality - emotional Social Developmental psychology

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY – practical benefits: Examination of young children – backlog, injury,etc… In case of familiar conflicts ability to recognize the degree of hazard… (Sign to the guardianship) The children are always just the symptom-bearings – help to the whole family: eg. When seeing an ambivalent affection from the child… The parent will accept our opinion, help just if we have a good relationship with her (see communicational practice!) (because the parent’s self-image will protect himself: obviously the parent will think about herself, that she is a good parent…) See psychosomatics too: primary-secundary sickness-benefits – the parent’s attention, listening is the reward to the children…! Questions..?

SPECIALITIES OF THE ADOLESCENCE… Questions & Uncertainty: „Who am I?” „Where did I come from?” „Where do I go?” „In what to belive?” „Where is my place in the world…?”

HUMAN VALUES: Shows directions in the Life – what to do, where to go, how behave, etc… AFTER COGNITION & ANALYISIS OF THEM…!

Developmental psychology Long-life development! Erik Erikson Let’s look into ourselves… - raise up the hand who has no more question about himself, about the world…? ACHIEVEMENT OF IDINTITY FORE- CLOSURE MORATORIUM IDENTITY DIFFUSION Detect a problem have to be solved? Is it solved? Yes No

„LIFE TASKS” For example: Hurt/miss of trust: „good or bad…?” Hurt/miss of autonomy: „you don’t have the right to have your own feelings, decisons: must be eated even if it’s not well for you…” Intimacy is the prerequisite of achievment of identity (early adulthood) Middle life (creator) crisis – „Closing time panic”) (adulthood) Emptyness of our life vs. Satisfaction with it (old ages) Developmental psychology Long-life development! Erik Erikson

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY – practical benefits: Erikson’s olda age’s life task… - see individual psychology: to belong somewhere, compensate the value-less feeling = care about older community development You have to care with the patient’s soul too: life tasks, crisis’s in adolescence, middle life, and so on…! Psychosomatics…! Your own development: your (professional) credo, established point of view, the organization of your life, solving your own crisis’s…!! You are working with your personalityy too: let’s care about it! Questions..?

Questions and answers…

END of the 11th lecture Thank you for your attention! Litterature: Atkinson & Hilgard.: Psychology p. p Always the related content to the lecture’s theme!

ECLETICISM…!!! – Eg. The development of gender identity Psychoanalitics Oedipus conflict - and it’s solution Biological approach adolescence- hormones – self-image adolescence – hormones – self-image(girls have more chaos…) -> it can be one of the reasons of conflicts with parents Social learning theory Alignment to the gender vs. Gender identity Experiences, opinions? Developmental psychology

Early age / infancy: +- (REFLEXES) GOOD „oncoming”” BAD „getting away” MEMORY Previous experiences, development of cognition CONSCIOUS DIFFERENTIATED EMOTIONS Happiness, heartache, anger, fear, etc. We can cope and navigate with&between…! Adulthood: DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY HURT OF DEVELPOMENT OF EMOTIONS (THE PERSONALITY) LACK OF THIS…!!!

2) Lack of Autonomy /stability, feeling of security Or 3) Lack of positive self-image „It is bad to me = I am bad!” „I am bad boy/girl.” = Self-centered view of world = „Everything is happening to me could be caused just by me” And we protect strongly our formed self-concept, as it gives us the security to navigate in the world

Eg. Treating children came from child care – understanding, acceptation of them and not to judge on them! (see at stereotypes…!) Get relation with deviant adolescence: listen to his problemes, thinkings to him – wil growth the compliance, the cooperation (you are helper professionals – in broad range of meaning of it; see bio- psycho-social approach) Community development, prevention – trainings, informative, motivation lectures, etc SELF-IMAGE/CONCEPT – Affect of emotions on it…

Long-life development: ECLECTICISM „LOOK BEHIND THE SURFACE!” BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL APPROACH/MODEL!