1. Dr.Ali Kareem Al-Masrawi Assist. Professor Ph D. Mental Health Nursing

2. Self-concept is a set of attitudes and beliefs about both the physical self and the psychological self. Self-concept is not static state, but developed and changes over time Self-concept includes the persons self-knowledge, self- expectations, and self- evaluation Self-concept guides our action, motivations, expectation, and goals for the future.

3. Self-concept has four interrelated components body image Personal Idea Role performance self-esteem

4. 1. Self-esteem: defined as the degree to which a person has a positive evaluation of self based on him /her perceptions of how he/she is viewed by others as well as on him/her view of self. There are two schools about development of self-esteem: 1 st : self-esteem forms early in life, based primarily on relationships with early caregivers (mothers, family members). 2 nd :self-esteem fluctuates whenever life transition, crises, or illness challenges.

5. Maslow s Hierarchy of needs

6.  2. personal identity: is the organizing principle of the personality that accounts for unity, continuity, consistency الاتساق, and uniqueness التميز of a person. Components of personal identity : Emotional image: are feeling about oneself Cognitive image: are derived from thinking about oneself Perceptual image: are derived from external sensory data and translated into mental pictures of reality

7. 3. Role performance: Roles are defined in terms of relationship to others (Ex. mother, father, supervisor, teacher, and nurse) are all roles Role performance includes the roles a person assumes or is given, It includes the actions, thoughts, and feelings associated with those roles. 4. Body Image: is a person’s perception of him/her body.

8. Factors Affecting Self-concept A. Developmental factors: 1.Infant to preschoolers: self-esteem in infant and preschoolers can be related to the type of parenting the child receives 2.School-aged children: a period of a threat to self- esteem when the child attempts to master the tasks of school

9. 3.Adolescents: Ages 12-20 years, is a period of sweeping hormonal changes and rapid physiological growth. It’s a very stressful period of major life transition that can threaten self- esteem. 4.Young Adults: ages 20-30 years, is a time of decision making about becoming independent.

10. 5.Middle Adults: the task is one of caring for others (elder parents) or guiding the young ( children or grandchildren احفاد ). Multiple stressors and the beginning of physical decline has a potential to alter the self-concept during this period of life. 6.Older Adults: many elderly people must cope with several chronic illness, learning to live with a chronic illness avoid leading to depression.

11. B. Cultural and Religious factors: may contribute to a client’s self-esteem. C. Socioeconomic Factors: has a direct relationship to self-concept ( health care practices, lifestyle, living condition) D. Psychological Factors: Depression, stress, loss, violent or abusive relationships affect directly on self-concept E. Physiological factors: fatigue, trauma, chronic illness, surgery, Disability, obesity have a relation with s. concept

12. ProblemsDescription 1 Self –esteem disturbance related to dependence on others to meet basic needs, feelings of powerlessness, and change in body functioning and usual roles and lifestyle associated with physical limitations and/or prescribed activity restrictions 2Chronic low self-esteem Client’s statements of: “I don’t have any good qualities”, “Do you think I’m unique?”, “Am I different from most people that are like me?”

13. 3 Situational low self- esteem May be related to loss of body part/change in functional abilities 4Body image disturbance Disruption in the way one perceives one’s body image 5Altered role performanceDisruption in the way one perceives ones role performance ProblemsDescription

14. people with HIGH self-esteem people with LOW self-esteem 1Accept responsibility1 Blame others for their lack of sense of well-being 2 Expect to be valued and accepted by others 2 Expect people to be critical of them and avoid their company 3 Have positive perception of their skills 3 Have negative perceptions of their skills 4 Perform equally well when being observed as when not watched 4 Perform less well when being observed 5Accept criticism5Are defensive and passive in person to criticism

15. 7 Evaluate their performance realistically 7 Have unrealistic expectation about their performance 8 Relatively confortable relating to authority figures 8 Are uncomfortable relating authority figures 9 Express general satisfaction with life 9Are dissatisfied with their own life 10Have a social support system that gives positive feedback and encouragement 10Have a weak social support people with HIGH self-esteem people with LOW self-esteem 6Can accept compliments مجاملات easily 6Have difficulty a accepting compliments